136,324
Views
23
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Freddie Mercury—acoustic analysis of speaking fundamental frequency, vibrato, and subharmonics

, , &
Pages 29-38 | Received 04 Sep 2015, Accepted 12 Feb 2016, Published online: 15 Apr 2016

References

  • 100 Greatest Singers: Freddie Mercury. New York, NY: Rolling Stone; 2011 [cited 2011 Nov 14]; Available from: http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-singers-of-all-time-19691231/.
  • Sullivan C. Freddie Mercury: the great enigma. London, UK: The Guardian; 2012. Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/sep/27/freddie-mercury-great-enigma.
  • Bret D. Living on the edge: the Freddie Mercury Story. London, UK: Robson Books, 1996.
  • Herbst CT. Freddie Mercury—Akustische Stimmanalyse. LOGOS Interdisziplinär. 2012;20:174–83.
  • Boersma P, Weenink D. Praat: doing phonetics by computer. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Institute of Phonetic Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 2014.
  • Boersma P, editor. Accurate short-term analysis of the fundamental frequency and the harmonics-to-noise ratio of a sampled sound. Proceedings of the Institute of Phonetic Sciences, 1993. Amsterdam; 1993.
  • Herbst CT, Howard DM, Svec JG. The sound source in singing – basic principles and muscular adjustments for fine-tuning vocal timbre. In: Welch G, Howard DM, Nix J, editors. The Oxford handbook of singing. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, in press.
  • Herbst CT, Hess M, Müller F, Svec JG, Sundberg J. Glottal adduction and subglottal pressure in singing. J Voice 2015;29:391–402.
  • Svec JG, Granqvist S. Guidelines for selecting microphones for human voice production research. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 2010;19:356–68.
  • Hirano M, Hibi S, Hagino S. Physiological aspects of vibrato. In: Dejonckere PH, Hirano M, Sundberg J, editors. Vibrato San Diego: Singular Publishing Group, 1995. p. 9–33.
  • Young RW. Terminology for logarithmic frequency units. J Acoust Soc Am 1939;11:134–9.
  • Miller DG. Resonance in singing Princeton, NJ: Inside View Press, 2008.
  • Zangger Borch D, Sundberg J. Some phonatory and resonatory characteristics of the rock, pop, soul, and Swedish dance band styles of singing. J Voice 2010;25:532–7.
  • Zangger Borch D, Sundberg J, Lindestad PA, Thalen M. Vocal fold vibration and voice source aperiodicity in ‘dist’ tones: a study of a timbral ornament in rock singing. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol 2004;29:147–53.
  • Svec JG, Schutte HK, Sram F. Videokymography: high-speed line scanning of vocal fold vibration. In: McCafferty G, Coman W, Carroll R, editors. XVI World Congress of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney ‘97 Proceedings, vol 2. Bologna: Monduzzi Editore, 1997. p. 1685–8.
  • Wittenberg T, Tigges M, Mergell P, Eysholdt U. Functional imaging of vocal fold vibration: digital multislice high-speed kymography. J Voice 2000;14:422–42.
  • Schindelin J, Arganda-Carreras I, Frise E, Kaynig V, Longair M, Pietzsch T, et al. Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nat Methods 2012;9:676–82.
  • R: A language and environment for statistical computing. In: Team RDC, editor. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2011.
  • Childers D, Lee CK. Vocal quality factors: analysis, synthesis, and perception. J Acoust Soc Am 1991;90:2394–410.
  • Morris RJ, Brown WS Jr, Hicks DM, Howell E. Phonational profiles of male trained singers and nonsingers. J Voice 1995;9:142–8.
  • Brown W, Morris RJ, Hollien H, Howell E. Speaking fundamental frequency characteristics as a function of age and professional singing. J Voice 1991;5:310–15.
  • Chernobel'skii SI. [The speaking fundamental frequency and the singing voice type]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2010(6):36–7. [Russian]
  • Baken RJ, Orlikoff RF. Clinical measurement of speech and voice 2nd ed. Singular Publishing, Thompson Learning; 2000.
  • Awan SN. Superimposition of speaking voice characteristics and phonetograms in untrained and trained vocal groups. J Voice 1993;7:30–7.
  • Friedrich G, Dejonckere PH. Das Stimmdiagnostik − Protokoll der European Laryngological Society (ELS)—erste Erfahrungen im Rahmen einer Multizenterstudie. Laryngo-, Rhino-, Otologie 2005;84:744–52.
  • Wikipedia. Freddie Mercury. Wikimedia Foundation; 2015 [cited 1 June 2015]; Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie_Mercury.
  • Castrato Directed by Francesca Kemp. London: BBC Four, 2006.
  • Edgerton M. Pitch profile of the glottal whistle. Malaysian Journal of Science 2013;32:78–85.
  • Sundberg J. Acoustic and psychoacoustic aspects of vocal vibrato. In: Dejonckere PH, Hirano M, Sundberg J, editors. Vibrato San Diego: Singular Publishing Group, 1995. p. 35–62.
  • Prame E. Vibrato extent and intonation in professional Western lyric singing. J Acoust Soc Am 1997;102:616–21.
  • Johnson-Read L, Chmiel A, Schubert E, Wolfe J. Performing Lieder: expert perspectives and comparison of vibrato and singer’s formant with opera singers. J Voice 2015;29:645.e15–32.
  • Titze IR. Principles of voice production. National Center for Voice and Speech, 2000.
  • Reddy AA, Subramanian U. Do rate and extent of vibrato vary with gender in untrained singers? International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations 2014;2:1–5.
  • Manfredi C, Barbagallo D, Baracca G, Orlandi S, Bandini A, Dejonckere PH. Automatic assessment of acoustic parameters of the singing voice: application to professional Western operatic and jazz singers. J Voice 2015;29:517.e1–9.
  • Pecoraro G, Curcio DF, Behlau M, editors. Vibrato rate variability in three professional singing styles: opera, rock and Brazilian country. Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics; 2013. Montreal, CA: Acoustical Society of America, 2013.
  • Ramig L, Shipp T. Comparative measures of vocal tremor and vocal vibrato. J Voice 1987;1:163–7.
  • Hertegard S, Granqvist S, Lindestad PA. Botulinum toxin injections for essential voice tremor. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2000;109:204–9.
  • Titze IR, Story B, Smith M, Long R. A reflex resonance model of vocal vibrato. J Acoust Soc Am 2002;111(5 Pt 1):2272–82.
  • Titze IR, Baken RJ, Herzel H. Evidence of chaos in vocal fold vibration. In: Titze IR, editor. Vocal fold physiology: frontiers in basic science San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group, 1993. p. 143–88.
  • Herzel H, Berry D, Titze IR, Saleh M. Analysis of vocal disorders with methods from nonlinear dynamics. J Speech Hear Res 1994;37:1008–19.
  • Bailly L, Henrich N, Pelorson X. Vocal fold and ventricular fold vibration in period-doubling phonation: physiological description and aerodynamic modeling. J Acoust Soc Am 2010;127:3212–22.
  • Fuks L, Hammarberg B, Sundberg J. A self-sustained vocal-ventricular phonation mode: acoustical, aerodynamic and glottographic evidences. Royal Institute of Technology - Speech, Music and Hearing Quarterly Progress and Status Report (Stockholm). 1998;3/1998:49–59.
  • Hirano M. Clinical examination of voice New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
  • Berke G, Gerratt BR. Laryngeal biomechanics: an overview of mucosal wave mechanics. J Voice 1993;7:123–8.
  • Sakakibara K-I, Fuks L, Imagawa H, Tayama N, editors. Growl voice in ethic and pop styles. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Musical Acoustics (ISMA2004); 2004. Nara, Japan, 2004.
  • Lindestad PA, Sodersten M, Merker B, Granqvist S. Voice source characteristics in Mongolian “throat singing” studied with high-speed imaging technique, acoustic spectra, and inverse filtering. J Voice 2001;15:78–85.
  • Titze I. Deliberate use of distortion in singing. In: Kuhl P, Crum L, editors. 16th International Congress on Acoustics and 135th Meeting Acoustical Society of America: Vol I The Sound of the Future: A Global View of Acoustics in the 21st Century. Seattle: University of Washington, 1998. p. 435–6.
  • McGlashan J, Sayles M, Kjelin H, Sadolin C, editors. Vocal effects in singing: a study of intentional distortion using laryngostroboscopy and electrolaryngography. AQL2013, 10th international conference “Advances in quantitative laryngology, voice and speech research”; 2013. Cincinnati, OH: AQL Press, 2013.
  • Herzel H, Berry D, Titze I, Steinecke I. Nonlinear dynamics of the voice: signal analysis and biomechanical modelling. Chaos 1995;5:30–4.
  • Lauterborn W, Cramer E. Subharmonic routes to chaos observed in acoustics. PhysRevLett 1981;47:1445–8.
  • Fitch WT, Neubauer J, Herzel H. Calls out of chaos: the adaptive significance of nonlinear phenomena in mammalian vocal production. Animal Behaviour 2002;63:407–18.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.