716
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Short Communication

The crystal structure of protease Sapp1p from Candida parapsilosis in complex with the HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir

, , , , &
Pages 160-165 | Received 02 Sep 2011, Accepted 19 Sep 2011, Published online: 06 Dec 2011

References

  • Piacenti FJ. An update and review of antiretroviral therapy. Pharmacotherapy 2006;26:1111–1133.
  • Munro CA, Hube B. Anti-fungal therapy at the HAART of viral therapy. Trends Microbiol 2002;10:173–177.
  • Naglik JR, Challacombe SJ, Hube B. Candida albicans secreted aspartyl proteinases in virulence and pathogenesis. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2003;67:400–428.
  • Hruskova-Heidingsfeldova O. Secreted proteins of Candida albicans. Front Biosci 2008;13:7227–7242.
  • Cassone A, De Bernardis F, Torosantucci A, Tacconelli E, Tumbarello M, Cauda R. In vitro and in vivo anticandidal activity of human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors. J Infect Dis 1999;180:448–453.
  • Wurzner R, Bektic J, Lell CP, Fuchs A, Stoiber H, Speth C, Lass-Florl C, Borg-von Zepelin M, Dierich MP. HIV protease inhibitors attenuate adherence of Candida albicans to epithelial cells in vitro. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2001;31:65–71.
  • Schaller M, Bein M, Korting HC, Baur S, Hamm G, Monod M et al. The secreted aspartyl proteinases Sap1 and Sap2 cause tissue damage in an in vitro model of vaginal candidiasis based on reconstituted human vaginal epithelium. Infect Immun 2003;71:3227–3234.
  • Monod M, Borg-von Zepelin M, Meyer I, Thomssen R, Wurzner R, Sanglard D, Telenti A. HIV-Protease inhibitors reduce cell adherence of Candida albicans strains by inhibition of yeast secreted aspartic proteases. J Invest Dermatol 1999;113:747–751.
  • Fallon K, Bausch K, Noonan J, Huguenel E, Tamburini P. Role of aspartic proteases in disseminated Candida albicans infection in mice. Infect Immun 1997;65:551–556.
  • Falkensammer B, Pilz G, Bektic J, Imwidthaya P, Jöhrer K, Speth C et al. Absent reduction by HIV protease inhibitors of Candida albicans adhesion to endothelial cells. Mycoses 2007;50:172–177.
  • Pichová I, Pavlícková L, Dostál J, Dolejsí E, Hrusková-Heidingsfeldová O, Weber J et al. Secreted aspartic proteases of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis and Candida lusitaniae. Inhibition with peptidomimetic inhibitors. Eur J Biochem 2001;268:2669–2677.
  • Dostál J, Hamal P, Pavlícková L, Soucek M, Ruml T, Pichová I et al. Simple method for screening Candida species isolates for the presence of secreted proteinases: a tool for the prediction of successful inhibitory treatment. J Clin Microbiol 2003;41:712–716.
  • Danner SA, Carr A, Leonard JM, Lehman LM, Gudiol F, Gonzales J et al. A short-term study of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of ritonavir, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. European-Australian Collaborative Ritonavir Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1528–1533.
  • Baradkar VP, Mathur M, Kumar S. Hichrom candida agar for identification of Candida species. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2010;53:93–95.
  • Back-Brito GN, Mota AJ, Vasconcellos TC, Querido SM, Jorge AO, Reis AS et al. Frequency of Candida spp. in the oral cavity of Brazilian HIV-positive patients and correlation with CD4 cell counts and viral load. Mycopathologia 2009;167:81–87.
  • Kempf DJ, Marsh KC, Denissen JF, Mcdonald E, Vasavanonda S, Flentge CA, Green BE, Fino L, Park CH, Kong XP, Wideburg NE, Saldivar A, Ruiz L, Kati WM, Sham HL, Robins T, Stewart KD, Hsu A, Plattner JJ, Leonard JM, Norbeck DW. ABT-538 is a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus protease and has high oral bioavailability in humans. PNAS 1995;92:2484–2488.
  • Dostál J, Brynda J, Hrusková-Heidingsfeldová O, Sieglová I, Pichová I, Rezácová P. The crystal structure of the secreted aspartic protease 1 from Candida parapsilosis in complex with pepstatin A. J Struct Biol 2009;167:145–152.
  • Leslie AG. Integration of macromolecular diffraction data. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 1999;55:1696–1702.
  • Evans P. Scaling and assessment of data quality. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2006;62:72–82.
  • The CCP4 suite: programs for protein crystallography.Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 1994;50:760–763.
  • Vagin A, Teplyakov A. An approach to multi-copy search in molecular replacement. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2000;56:1622–1624.
  • Murshudov GN, Skubák P, Lebedev AA, Pannu NS, Steiner RA, Nicholls RA et al. REFMAC5 for the refinement of macromolecular crystal structures. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2011;67:355–367.
  • Emsley P, Cowtan K. Coot: model-building tools for molecular graphics. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2004;60:2126–2132.
  • Winn MD, Isupov MN, Murshudov GN. Use of TLS parameters to model anisotropic displacements in macromolecular refinement. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2001;57:122–133.
  • Lovell SC, Davis IW, Arendall WB 3rd, de Bakker PI, Word JM, Prisant MG et al. Structure validation by Calpha geometry: phi,psi and Cbeta deviation. Proteins 2003;50:437–450.
  • Lawrence MC, Colman PM. Shape complementarity at protein/protein interfaces. J Mol Biol 1993;234:946–950.
  • DeLano WL. 2002. The PyMOL Molecular Graphics System. DeLano Scientific LLC, San Carlos, CA, USA. Available from <http://www.pymol.org>.
  • Betts MJ, Sternberg MJ. An analysis of conformational changes on protein-protein association: implications for predictive docking. Protein Eng 1999;12:271–283.
  • Rinnová M, Hradilek M, Barinka C, Weber J, Soucek M, Vondrásek J et al. A picomolar inhibitor of resistant strains of human immunodeficiency virus protease identified by a combinatorial approach. Arch Biochem Biophys 2000;382:22–30.
  • Klabe RM, Bacheler LT, Ala PJ, Erickson-Viitanen S, Meek JL. Resistance to HIV protease inhibitors: a comparison of enzyme inhibition and antiviral potency. Biochemistry 1998;37:8735–8742.
  • Brünger AT. Free R value: a novel statistical quantity for assessing the accuracy of crystal structures. Nature 1992;355:472–475.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.