The frequency and risk factors of funisitis and histologic chorioamnionitis in pregnant women at term who delivered after the spontaneous onset of labor

References

• Pacora P, Chaiworapongsa T, Maymon E, Kim YM, Gomez R, Yoon BH, Ghezzi F, Berry SM, Qureshi F, Jacques SM, et al Funisitis and chorionic vasculitis: the histological counterpart of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2002;11:18–25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gibbs RS, Romero R, Hillier SL, Eschenbach DA, Sweet RL. A review of premature birth and subclinical infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;166:1515–1528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon BH, Romero R, Kim CJ, Jun JK, Gomez R, Choi JH, Syn HC. Amniotic fluid interleukin-6: a sensitive test for antenatal diagnosis of acute inflammatory lesions of preterm placenta and prediction of perinatal morbidity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;172:960–970.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon BH, Jun JK, Romero R, Park KH, Gomez R, Choi JH, Kim IO. Amniotic fluid inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), neonatal brain white matter lesions, and cerebral palsy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:19–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon BH, Romero R, Park JS, Kim CJ, Kim SH, Choi JH, Han TR. Fetal exposure to an intra-amniotic inflammation and the development of cerebral palsy at the age of three years. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:675–681.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu YW, Colford JM Jr. Chorioamnionitis as a risk factor for cerebral palsy: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2000;284:1417–1424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon BH, Romero R, Park JS, Kim M, Oh SY, Kim CJ, Jun JK. The relationship among inflammatory lesions of the umbilical cord (funisitis), umbilical cord plasma interleukin 6 concentration, amniotic fluid infection, and neonatal sepsis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:1124–1129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park JS, Romero R, Yoon BH, Moon JB, Oh SY, Han SY, Ko EM. The relationship between amniotic fluid matrix metalloproteinase-8 and funisitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:1156–1161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nath CA, Ananth CV, Smulian JC, Shen-Schwarz S, Kaminsky L. Histologic evidence of inflammation and risk of placental abruption. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;197:319e1–319e6.
   Google Scholar
• Woldesenbet M, Perlman JM. Histologic chorioamnionitis: an occult marker of severe pulmonary hypertension in the term newborn. J Perinatol 2005;25:189–192.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rao S, Pavlova Z, Incerpi MH, Ramanathan R. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid and neonatal morbidity in near-term and term deliveries with acute histologic chorioamnionitis and/or funisitis. J Perinatol 2001;21:537–540.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams MC, O'Brien WF, Nelson RN, Spellacy WN. Histologic chorioamnionitis is associated with fetal growth restriction in term and preterm infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:1094–1099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seong HS, Lee SE, Kang JH, Romero R, Yoon BH. The frequency of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and histologic chorioamnionitis in women at term with intact membranes in the presence or absence of labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;199:375e1–375e5.
   Google Scholar
• Lee SE, Romero R, Kim CJ, Shim SS, Yoon BH. Funisitis in term pregnancy is associated with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and intra-amniotic inflammation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2006;19:693–697.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zervomanolakis I, Ott HW, Hadziomerovic D, Mattle V, Seeber BE, Virgolini I, Heute D, Kissler S, Leyendecker G, Wildt L. Physiology of upward transport in the human female genital tract. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007;1101:1–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebisch G, Grauaug AA, Neumaier-Wagner PM, Stallmach T, Huch A, Huch R. The relationship between cervical dilatation, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 during term labor. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001;80:840–848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keski-Nisula L, Aalto ML, Katila ML, Kirkinen P. Intrauterine inflammation at term: a histopathologic study. Hum Pathol 2000;31:841–846.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabor Than N, Romero R, Tarca AL, Draghici S, Erez O, Chaiworapongsa T, Kim YM, Kim SK, Vaisbuch E, Tromp G. Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase mRNA expression in human chorioamniotic membranes and its association with labor, inflammation, and infection. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009;22:1000–1013.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gotsch F, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, Erez O, Espinoza J, Kim CJ, Vaisbuch E, Than NG, Mazaki-Tovi S, Chaiworapongsa T, et al The anti-inflammatory limb of the immune response in preterm labor, intra-amniotic infection/inflammation, and spontaneous parturition at term: a role for interleukin-10. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2008;21:529–547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamill N, Romero R, Gotsch F, Kusanovic JP, Edwin S, Erez O, Than NG, Mittal P, Espinoza J, Friel LA, et al Exodus-1 (CCL20): evidence for the participation of this chemokine in spontaneous labor at term, preterm labor, and intrauterine infection. J Perinat Med 2008;36:217–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaiworapongsa T, Erez O, Kusanovic JP, Vaisbuch E, Mazaki-Tovi S, Gotsch F, Than NG, Mittal P, Kim YM, Camacho N, et al Amniotic fluid heat shock protein 70 concentration in histologic chorioamnionitis, term and preterm parturition. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2008;21:449–461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotsch F, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, Erez O, Vaisbuch E, Espinoza J, Kusanovic JP, Mittal P, Mazaki-Tovi S, Kim CJ, et al Evidence of the involvement of caspase-1 under physiologic and pathologic cellular stress during human pregnancy: a link between the inflammasome and parturition. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2008;21:605–616.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salafia CM, Weigl C, Silberman L. The prevalence and distribution of acute placental inflammation in uncomplicated term pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol 1989;73:383–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halgunset J, Johnsen H, Kjollesdal AM, Qvigstad E, Espevik T, Austgulen R. Cytokine levels in amniotic fluid and inflammatory changes in the placenta from normal deliveries at term. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1994;56:153–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordenvall M, Sandstedt B. Chorioamnionitis in relation to gestational outcome in a Swedish population. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1990;36:59–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beebe LA, Cowan LD, Altshuler G. The epidemiology of placental features: associations with gestational age and neonatal outcome. Obstet Gynecol 1996;87:771–778.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong Y, St Clair PJ, Ramzy I, Kagan-Hallet KS, Gibbs RS. A microbiologic and clinical study of placental inflammation at term. Obstet Gynecol 1987;70:175–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moller GH, Woods DL, Malan AF, Sinclair-Smith CC. Chorio-amnionitis in relation to mode of delivery at term. S Afr Med J 1989;76:201–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ustun C, Kokcu A, Cil E, Kandemir B. Relationship between endomyometritis and the duration of premature membrane rupture. J Matern Fetal Med 1998;7:243–246.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fox H, Langley FA. Leukocytic infiltration of the placenta and umbilical cord. A clinico-pathologic study. Obstet Gynecol 1971;37:451–458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkins RP, Zhou SM, Butler C, Skipper BJ. Histologic chorioamnionitis in pregnancies of various gestational ages: implications in preterm rupture of membranes. Obstet Gynecol 1987;70:856–860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim BJ RR, Kang KH, Shim SS, Park JS, Yoon BH. Is there a relationship between the interval between rupture of membranes and the timing of amniocentesis on the rate of intra-amniotic inflammation in preterm premature rupture of membranes? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;193;S55.
   Google Scholar
• Yoon BH, Kim SW. The effect of labor on the normal values of umbilical blood acid-base status. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1994;73:555–561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen VM, Baskett TF, O'Connell CM, McKeen D, Allen AC. Maternal and perinatal outcomes with increasing duration of the second stage of labor. Obstet Gynecol 2009;113:1248–1258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Hanaoka S, Mazor M, Athanassiadis AP, Callahan R, Hsu YC, Avila C, Nores J, Jimenez C. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid: a risk factor for microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;164:859–862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess AM, Hutchins GM. Inflammation of the lungs, umbilical cord and placenta associated with meconium passage in utero. Review of 123 autopsied cases. Pathol Res Pract 1996;192:1121–1128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddad R, Tromp G, Kuivaniemi H, Chaiworapongsa T, Kim YM, Mazor M, Romero R. Human spontaneous labor without histologic chorioamnionitis is characterized by an acute inflammation gene expression signature. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006;195:394e1–394e24.
   Google Scholar