293
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy and preterm birth: systemic review and analysis of heterogeneity

&
Pages 778-786 | Received 20 Apr 2010, Accepted 05 Oct 2010, Published online: 10 Dec 2010

References

  • Martin JA, Kung HC, Mathews TJ, Hoyert DL, Strobino DM, Guyer B, Sutton SR. Annual summary of vital statistics. Pediatrics 2008;121:788–801.
  • Romero R, Mazor M, Munoz H, Gomez R, Galasso M, Sherer DM. The preterm labor syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994;734:414–429.
  • Salafia C, López-Zeno JA, Sherer DM, Whittington SS, Minior VK, Vintzileos AM. Histologic evidence of old intrauterine bleeding is more frequent in prematurity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;173:1065–1070.
  • Stroup D, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D, Moher D, Becker BJ, Sipe TA, Thacker SB. Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. JAMA 2000;283:2008–2012.
  • Hertz J, Heisterberg L. The outcome of pregnancy after threatened bortion. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1985;64:151–156.
  • Berkowitz G, Harlap S, Beck GJ, Freeman DH, Baras M. Early gestational bleeding and pregnancy outcome: a multivariable analysis. Int J Epidemiol 1983;2:165–173.
  • Das A, Gopalan S, Dhaliwal L. Fetal growth and perinatal outcome of pregnancies continuing after threatened abortion. Aust NZ J Obstetric Gynecol 1996;36:135–139.
  • Strobino B, Pantel-Silverman J. Gestational vaginal bleeding and pregnancy outcome. Am J Epidemol 1989;129:806–815.
  • Verma S, Premi HK, Gupta TV, Thakur S, Gupta KB, Randhawa I. Perinatal outcome of pregnancies complicated by threatened abortion. J Indian Med Assoc 1993;92:364–365.
  • Williams M, Hickok DE, Zingheim RW, Mittendorf R, Kimelman J, Mahony BS. Low birth weight and preterm delivery in relation to early-gestation vaginal bleeding and elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein. Obstet Gynecol 1992;80:745–749.
  • Boggess K, Moss K, Murtha A, Offenbacher S, Beck JD. Antepartum vaginal bleeding, fetal exposure to oral pathogens, and risk for preterm birth at <35 weeks of gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006;194:954–960.
  • Wijesiriwardana A, Bhattacharya S, Shetty A, Smith N, Bhattacharya S. Obstetric outcome in women with threatened miscarriage in the first trimester. Obstet Gynecol 2006;107:557–562.
  • Mulik V, Bethel J, Bhal K. A retrospective population-based study of primigravid women on the potential effect of threatened miscarriage on obstetric outcome. J Obstet Gynaecol 2004;24:249–253.
  • Yang J, Hartmann KE, Savitz DA, Herring AH, Dole N, Olshan AF, Thorp JM. Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy and preterm birth. Am J Epidemol 2004;160:118–125.
  • Yang J, Savitz D. The effect of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy on preterm and small-for-gestational-age births: US National Maternal and Infant Health Survey, 1988. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2001;15:34–39.
  • Funderburk S, Guthrie D, Meldrum D. Outcome of pregnancies complicated by early vaginal bleeding. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1980;82:100–105.
  • Batzofin J, Fielding W, Friedman E. Effect of vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy on outcome. Obstet Gynecol 1984;63:515–518.
  • Williams M, Mittendorf R, Lieberman E, Monson RR. Adverse infant outcomes associated with first-trimester vaginal bleeding. Obstet Gynecol 1991;78:14–18.
  • Sipila P, Hartikainen-Sorri AL, Oja H, Von Wendt L. Perinatal outcome of pregnancies complicated by vaginal bleeding. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1999;92:959–963.
  • French J, McGregor JA, Draper D, Parker R, McFee J. Gestational bleeding, bacterial vaginosis, and common reproductive tract infections: risk for preterm birth and benefit of treatment. Obstet Gynecol 1999;93:715–724.
  • Arafa M, Abdel-Fataah M, Zeid HA, el-Khouly A. Outcomes of pregnancies complicated by early vaginal bleeding. East Mediterr Health J 2000;6:457–464.
  • Yang J, Savitz DA, Dole N, Hartmann KE, Herring AH, Olshan AF, Thorp JM. Predictors of vaginal bleeding during the first two trimesters of pregnancy. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2001;19:276–283.
  • Harville E, Wilcox AJ, Baird DD, Weinberg CR. Vaginal bleeding in very early pregnancy. Hum Reprod 2003;18:1944–1947.
  • Weiss J, Malone FD, Vidaver J, Ball RH, Nyberg DA, Comstock CH, Hankins GD, Berkowitz RL, Gross SJ, Dugoff L, et al. Threatened abortion: a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcome, a population-based screening study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;190:745–750.
  • Hossain R, Harris T, Lohsoonthorn V, Williams MA. Risk of preterm delivery in relation to vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2007;135:158–163.
  • Tongsong T, Srisomboon J, Wanapirak C, Sirichotiyakul S, Pongsatha S, Polsrisuthikul T. Pregnancy outcome of threatened abortion with demonstrable fetal cardiac activity: a cohort study. J Obstet Gynaecol 1995;21:331–335.
  • Karim S, Bakhtawar I, Butta AT, Jalil M. Effects of first and second trimester vaginal bleeding on pregnancy outcome. J Pak Med Assoc 1998;48:40–42.
  • Signore C, Sood A, Richards D. Second-trimester vaginal bleeding: correlation of ultrasonographic findings with perinatal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;178:336–340.
  • Johns J, Jauniaux E. Threatened miscarriage as a predictor of obstetric outcome. Obstet Gynecol 2006;107:845–850.
  • Davari-Tanha F, Shariat M, Kaveh M, Ebrahimi M, Jalalvand S. Threatened abortion: a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcome. Acta Medica Iranica 2008;46:314–320.
  • Johns J, Hyett J, Jauniaux E. Obstetric outcome after threatened miscarriage with and without a hematoma on ultrasound. Obstet Gynecol 2003;102:483–487.
  • Mercer BM, Goldenberg RL, Das A, Moawad AH, Iams JD, Meis PJ, Copper RL, Johnson F, Thom E, McNellis D, et al. The preterm prediction study: a clinical risk assessment system. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;174:1885–1893.
  • Ananth C, Savitz D. Vaginal bleeding and adverse reproductive outcomes: a meta-analysis. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1994;8:62–78.
  • Saraswat L, S Bhattacharya, A Maheshwari, S Bhattacharya. Maternal and perinatal outcome in women with threatened miscarriage in the first trimester: a systematic review. BJOG 2010;117:245–257.
  • Rosen T, Schatz F, Kuczynski E, Lam H, Koo AB, Lockwood CJ. Thrombin-enhanced matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression: a mechanism linking placental abruption with premature rupture of the membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2002;11:11–17.
  • Catov J, Bodnar LM, Hackney D, Roberts JM, Simhan HN. Activation of the fibrinolytic cascade early in pregnancy among women with spontaneous preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol 2008;112:1116–1122.
  • Rosen T, Kuczynski E, O'Neill LM, Funai EF, Lockwood CJ. Plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin complexes predict preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes. J Mat Fetal Med 2001;10:297–300.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.