Suggested algorithm for cytomegalovirus surveillance in low-risk pregnancies

References

• Stagno S, Pass RF, Dworsky ME, Alford CA Jr. Maternal cytomegalovirus infection and perinatal transmission. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1982;25:563–576.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ross SA, Boppana SB. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: outcome and diagnosis. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 2004;16:44–49.
   Google Scholar
• Fowler KB, Stagno S, Pass RF. Maternal age and congenital cytomegalovirus infection: screening of two diverse newborn populations, 1980–1990. J Infect Dis 1993;168:552–556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stagno S. Cytomegalovirus. Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant. In: Remington JS, Klein JO, editors. 5th edPhiladelphiaWB Saunders1995. pp. 389–424.
   Google Scholar
• Raynor BD. Cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy. Semin Perinatol 1993;17:394–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ornoy A, Diav-Citrin O. Fetal effects of primary and secondary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol 2006;21:399–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar ML, Prokay SL. Experimental primary cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy: timing and fetal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983;145:50–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stagno S, Pass RF, Cloud G, Britt WJ, Henderson RE, Walton PD, Veren DA, Page F, Alford CA. Primary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy: incidence, transmission to fetus and clinical outcome. JAMA 1986;256:1904–1908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodeus M, Hubinont C, Goubau P. Increased risk of cytomegalovirus transmission in utero during late gestation. Obstet Gynecol 1999;93:658–660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grose C, Weiner CP. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection: two decades later. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;163:447–450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donner C, Liesnard C, Content J, Busine A, Aderca J, RodeschF. Prenatal diagnosis of 52 pregnancies at risk for congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Obstet Gynecol 1993;82:481–486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamy ME, Mulongo KN, Gadisseux JF, Lyon G, Gaudy V, Van Lierde M. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal cytomegalovirus infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;166:91–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch L, Daffos F, Emanuel D, Giovangrandi Y, Meisel R, Forestier F, Cathomas G, Berkowitz RL. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal cytomegalovirus infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165:714–718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler SP, Finney JW, Manganello AM, Best AM. Prevention of child-to-mother transmission of cytomegalovirus among pregnant women. J Pediatr 2004;145:485–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demmler GJ. Cytomegalovirus. Viral diseases in pregnancyIn: Gonik B, editor. New YorkSpringer-Verlag1994. pp. 69–91.
   Google Scholar
• Fowler KB, McCollister FP, Dahle AJ, Boppana S, Britt WJ, Pass RF. Progressive and fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss in children with asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection. J Pediatr 1997;130: 624–630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahle AJ, Fowler KB, Wright SB, Boppana WJ, Britt WJ, Pass RF. Longitudinal investigation of hearing disorders in children with congenital cytomegalovirus. J Am Acad Audiol 2000;11:283–290.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bodeus M, Feyder S, Goubau P. Avidity of IgG antibodies distinguishes primary from non-primary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women. Clin Diagn Virol 1998;9:9–16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mathijs JM, Rawlinson WD, Jacobs S, Bilous AM, Milliken JS, Dowton DN, Cunningham AL. Cellular localization of human cytomegalovirus reactivation in the cervix. J Infect Dis 1991;163:921–922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revello MG, Gerna G. Diagnosis and management of human cytomegalovirus infection in the mother, fetus, and newborn infant. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002;15:680–715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka-Kitajima N, Sugaya N, Futatani T, Kanegane A, Suzuki C, Oshiro M, Hayakawa M, Futamura M, Morishima T, Kimura H. Ganciclovir therapy for congenital cytomegalovirus infection in six infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005;24:782–785.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaels MG, Greenberg DP, Sabo DL, Wald ER. Treatment of children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection with ganciclovir. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003;22:504–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowler KB, Stagno S, Pass RF. Maternal age and congenital cytomegalovirus infection: screening of two diverse newborn populations, 1980–1990. J Infect Dis 1993;168:552–556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pass R, Fowler KB, Boppana SB, Britt WJ, Stagno S. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection following first trimester maternal infection: symptoms at birth and outcome. J Clin Virol 2006;35:216–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benoist G, Salomon LJ, Mohlo M, Suarez B, Jacquemard F, Ville Y. Cytomegalovirus-related fetal brain lesions: comparison between targeted ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008;32:900–905.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniel Y, Gull I, Peyser MR, Lessing JB. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1995;63:7–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagay ZJ, Biran G, Ornoy A, Reece EA. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: a long-standing problem still seeking a solution. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;174:241–245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler SP. Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1992;4:670–675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grangeot-Keros L, Simon B, Audibert F, Vial M. Should we routinely screen for cytomegalovirus antibody during pregnancy? Intervirology 1998;41:158–162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enders G, Bader U, Lindemann L, Schalasta G, Daiminger A. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in 189 pregnancies with known outcome. Prenat Diagn 2001;21:362–377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munro SC, Hall B, Whybin LR, Leader L, Robertson P, Maine GT. Diagnosis of and screening for cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43:4713–4718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahill AG, Odibo AO, Stamilio DM, Macones GA. Screening and treating for cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy: where do we stand? A decision-analytic and economic analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009;201:466.e1–466.e7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar