Is maternal diabetes a risk factor for childhood obesity?

References

• Barker DJ, Osmond C, Simmonds SJ, Wield GA. The relation of small head circumference and thinness at birth to death from cardiovascular disease in adult life. BMJ 1993;306:422–426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker DJ, Gluckman PD, Godfrey KM, Harding JE, Owens JA, Robinson JS. Fetal nutrition and cardiovascular disease in adult life. Lancet 1993;341:938–941.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker DJ. Fetal origins of coronary heart disease. BMJ 1995;311:171–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein CE, Fall CH, Kumaran K, Osmond C, Cox V, Barker DJ. Fetal growth and coronary heart disease in south India. Lancet 1996;348:1269–1273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leon DA, Lithell HO, Vâgerö D, Koupilová I, Mohsen R, Berglund L, Lithell UB, McKeigue PM. Reduced fetal growth rate and increased risk of death from ischaemic heart disease: Cohort study of 15 000 Swedish men and women born 1915-29. BMJ 1998;317:241–245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rich-Edwards JW, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Rosner B, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Hennekens CH. Birth weight and risk of cardiovascular disease in a cohort of women followed up since 1976. BMJ 1997;315:396–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsons TJ, Power C, Manor O. Fetal and early life growth and body mass index from birth to early adulthood in 1958 British cohort: Longitudinal study. BMJ 2001;323:1331–1335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curhan GC, Chertow GM, Willett WC, Spiegelman D, Colditz GA, Manson JE, Speizer FE, Stampfer MJ. Birth weight and adult hypertension and obesity in women. Circulation 1996;94:1310–1315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baird J, Fisher D, Lucas P, Kleijnen J, Roberts H, Law C. Being big or growing fast: Systematic review of size and growth in infancy and later obesity. BMJ 2005;331:929.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hui LL, Schooling CM, Leung SS, Mak KH, Ho LM, Lam TH, Leung GM. Birth weight, infant growth, and childhood body mass index: Hong Kong’s children of 1997 birth cohort. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008;162:212–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oken E, Taveras EM, Kleinman KP, Rich-Edwards JW, Gillman MW. Gestational weight gain and child adiposity at age 3 years. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;196:322.e1–322.e8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O’Callaghan MJ, Williams GM, Andersen MJ, Bor W, Najman JM. Prediction of obesity in children at 5 years: A cohort study. J Paediatr Child Health 1997;33:311–316.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oken E, Gillman MW. Fetal origins of obesity. Obes Res 2003;11:496–506.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mehta SH, Kruger M, Sokol RJ. Being too large for gestational age precedes childhood obesity in African Americans. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011;204:265.e1–265.e5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control. Defining childhood overweight and obesity. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/defining.html. Accessed on 24 June 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Gardosi J, Francis A. Software program for the calculation of customised birth weight percentiles. Version 5.15_US 2008. Available at: www.gestation.net. Accessed on January 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Dabelea D, Hanson RL, Lindsay RS, Pettitt DJ, Imperatore G, Gabir MM, Roumain J, et al. Intrauterine exposure to diabetes conveys risks for type 2 diabetes and obesity: A study of discordant sibships. Diabetes 2000;49:2208–2211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boney CM, Verma A, Tucker R, Vohr BR. Metabolic syndrome in childhood: Association with birth weight, maternal obesity, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Pediatrics 2005;115:e290–e296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Lamb MM, Flegal KM. Prevalence of high body mass index in US children and adolescents, 2007-2008. JAMA 2010;303:242–249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poston L. Developmental programming and diabetes - The human experience and insight from animal models. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;24:541–552.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hillier TA, Pedula KL, Schmidt MM, Mullen JA, Charles MA, Pettitt DJ. Childhood obesity and metabolic imprinting: The ongoing effects of maternal hyperglycemia. Diabetes Care 2007;30:2287–2292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowther CA, Hiller JE, Moss JR, McPhee AJ, Jeffries WS, Robinson JS; Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnant Women (ACHOIS) Trial Group. Effect of treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med 2005;352: 2477–2486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landon MB, Spong CY, Thom E, Carpenter MW, Ramin SM, Casey B, Wapner RJ, et al.; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. A multicenter, randomized trial of treatment for mild gestational diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1339–1348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catalano PM, Farrell K, Thomas A, Huston-Presley L, Mencin P, de Mouzon SH, Amini SB. Perinatal risk factors for childhood obesity and metabolic dysregulation. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:1303–1313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med 2008; 358:1991–2002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss PA, Scholz HS, Haas J, Tamussino KF, Seissler J, Borkenstein MH. Long-term follow-up of infants of mothers with type 1 diabetes: Evidence for hereditary and nonhereditary transmission of diabetes and precursors. Diabetes Care 2000;23:905–911.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobngwi E, Boudou P, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Leblanc H, Velho G, Vexiau P, Porcher R, et al. Effect of a diabetic environment in utero on predisposition to type 2 diabetes. Lancet 2003;361:1861–1865.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clausen TD, Mathiesen ER, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Jensen DM, Lauenborg J, Damm P. High prevalence of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes in adult offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus or type 1 diabetes: The role of intrauterine hyperglycemia. Diabetes Care 2008;31:340–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar