References
- Quanungo S, Mukherjea M. Oncogenic profile of some antioxidants and lipid per-oxidation in human placental and fetal tissues. Mol Cell Biochem 2000;215:11–19
- Gitto E, Reiter RJ, Karbownik M, et al. Causes of oxidative stress in the pre and perinatal period. Biol Neonate 2002;81:146–57
- Walsh SW, Wang Y. Placental mitochondria as a source of oxidative stress in pre-eclampsia. Placenta 1998;19:581–6
- Zachara BA, Wardak C, Didkowski W, et al. Changes in blood selenium and glutathione concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity in human pregnancy. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1993;35:12–17
- Nair V, O’neil C, Wang PG. “Malondialdehyde’’ Encyclopedia of reagents for organic synthesis. New York: John Willey and Sons; 2008
- Mukai FH, Goldstein BD. Mutagenicity of malondialdehyde, a decomposition product of peroxidised polyunsaturated fatty acids. Science 1976;191:868–9
- Lazzarino G, Raatikainen P, Nuutinen M, et al. Myocardial release of malondialdehyde and purine compounds during coronary bypass surgery. Circulation 1994;90:291–7
- Moore K, Roberts LJ. Measurement of lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Res 1998;28:659–71
- Del Rio D, Stewart AJ, Pellegrini N. A review of recent studies on malondialdehyde as toxic molecules and biological marker of oxidative stress. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2005;15:316–28
- Szeto HH. Mitochondria-targeted peptide antioxidants: novel neuroprotective agents. AAPS J 2006;8:E521–31
- Halliwell B. Oxidants and human disease: some new concepts. FASEB J 1987;1:358–64
- Franzmann AW. Assessment of nutritional status. In: Hudson RJ, White RG, eds. Bioenergetics of wild herbivores. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press;1985:239–59
- Semba RO, Miotti PG, Chiphangwi JP. Maternal vitamin A deficiency and mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. Lancet 1994;343:1593–7
- Cao H, Russel R, Lischner N, Prior RR. Serum antioxidant capacity is highly increased by consumption of strawberries, spinach, red wine or vitamin c in elderly women. J Nutr 1998;128:2383–90
- Cathcart MK, Morel DW, Chisolm GM. Monocytes and neutrophils oxidize low density lipoprotein making it toxic. J Leucocyte Biol 1985;38:341–50
- Van Den Broek NR, Letsky AE. Aetiology of anaemia in pregnancy in South Malawi. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:247S–56S
- Herrera E, Barbas C. Vitamin E: action, metabolism and perspective. J Physiol Biochem 2000;57:43–56
- Alberti-Fidanza A, Di Renzo GC, Burini G, et al. Diet during pregnancy and total antioxidant capacity in maternal and umbilical cord blood. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2002;12:59–63
- Soni ND, Sharma P, Kiran C, et al. Leucocyte and serum ascrobic acid levels in mothers and their newborn in semi arid Western India. Indian J Physiol Pharmac 1989;33:239–42
- Pritchard JA. Changes in the blood volume during pregnancy and delivery. Anesthesiology 1965;26:393–9
- Ene-Obong HN, Enugu GI, Uwaegbute AC. Determinants of health and nutritional status of rural Nigerian women. J Health Popul Nutr 2001;19:320–30
- Bessey OA, Lowry OH, Brock MJ, Lopez JA. The determination of vitamin a and carotene in small quantities of blood serum. J Biol Chem 1946;166:77–8
- Roe JH, Kuether CA. The determination of ascorbic acid in whole blood and urine through the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative of dehydroascorbic acid. J Biol Chem 1943;147:399–400
- Tsen CC. An improved spectrophotometric method for determination of tocopherols using 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline. Anal Chem 1961;33:849–51
- Guilteridge JMC, Wilkins S. Copper-dependent hydroxyl radical damage to ascorbic acid: formation of a thiobarbituric acid-reactive product. FEBS Lett 1982;137:327–30
- Ohakawa H, Oshishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxidation in animal tissue by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 1979;75:351–8
- Scholl TO, Stein TP. Oxidant damage to dna and pregnancy outcome. Matern Fetal Med 2001;10:182–5
- Wang Y, Walsh SW. Increased superoxide generation is associated with decreased superoxide dismutase activity and mRNA expression in placental trophoblast cells in pre-eclampsia. Placenta 2001;22:206–12
- Godfrey K, Barker DJ, Robinson S, Osmond C. Maternal birthweight and diet in pregnancy in relation to the infant's thinness at birth. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997;104:663–7
- Agarwal A, Gupta S, Sharma RK. Role of oxidative stress in female reproduction. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2005;3:28–48
- Garba G, Ubom D, Gatsing R, et al. L-ascorbic acid status of pregnant women and its potential role in pregnancy-induced stress. Internet J Nutr Wellness 2005;1:2
- Mohanty PK, Mandal PC, Panda A. Evaluation of oxidative stress in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Indian J Clin Biochem 2006;21:101–5
- Updadhyaya C, Mishra S, Singh PP, Sharma P. Antioxidant status and peroxidative stress in mother and newborn – a pilot study. Indian J Clin Biochem 2005;20:30–4
- Sies H, Stahl W. Vitamins E and C, beta-carotene, and other carotinoids as antioxidants. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;62:1315–21
- Patil SB, Kodliwadmath MV, Kodliwadmath SM. Lipid peroxidation and nonenzymatic antioxidants in normal pregnancy. J Obstet Gynecol India 2006;56:399–401
- Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. The antioxidants of human extracellular fluids. Arch Biochem Biophys 1990;280:1–8
- Kumer CA, Des WW. Oxidant stress in pre-eclampsia and essential hypertension. J Assoc Physicians India 2002;50:1372–5
- Kharb S. Vitamin E and C in preeclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2000;93:37–9
- Casanueva E, Viteri, FE. Iron and oxidative stress in pregnancy. J Nutr 2003;133:1700S–8S
- Rumbold AC, Crowther CA. Vitamin C supplementation in pregnancy. The Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;1:CD004072