Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of cigarette smoke total particulate matter using three in vitro assays and two types of cells

References

• Andreoli C, Gigante D, Nunziata A. (2003). A review of in vitro methods to assess the biological activity of tobacco smoke with the aim of reducing the toxicity of smoke. Toxicol In Vitro 17:587–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anto RJ, Mukhopadhyay A, Shishodia S, et al. (2002). Cigarette smoke condensate activates nuclear transcription factor-κB through phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα: correlation with induction of cyclooxygenase-2. Carcinogenesis 23:1511–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babich H, Borenfreund E. (1992). Cytotoxic and morphological effects of phenyl-propanolamine, caffeine, nicotine and some of their metabolites studied in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 6:493–502
   Google Scholar
• Bombick BR, Murli H, Avalos JT, et al. (1997). Chemical and biological studies of a new cigarette that primarily heat tobacco. Part 2: in vitro toxicology of mainstream smoke condensate. Food Chem Toxicol 36:183–90
   Google Scholar
• Chen J, Higby R, Tian D, et al. (2008). Toxicological analysis of low-nicotine and nicotine-free cigarettes. Toxicology 249:194–203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clothier R. (2010). The development and evaluation of in vitro alternative assays: a personal perspective. Altern Lab Anim 38:457–69
   Google Scholar
• CORESTA In vitro Toxicology Task Force (2004). The rationale and strategy for conducting in vitro toxicology testing of tobacco smoke. Available from: http://www.coresta.org/Reports/IVT_TF_Rationale-IVT-Testing-Tob.-Smoke_Report_Jun04.pdf [last accessed 20 Jul 2012]
   Google Scholar
• Das A, Bhattacharya A, Chakrabarti G. (2009). Cigarette smoke extract induces disruption of structure and function of tubulin-microtubule in lung epithelium cells and in vitro. Chem Res Toxicol 22:446–59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean SW, Dunmore RH, Ruddock SP, et al. (1992). Development of assays for the detection of photomutagenicity of chemicals during exposure to UV light. II: results of testing three sunscreen ingredients. Mutagenesis 7:179–82
   Google Scholar
• Dutta A, Saxena K, Schwalbe H, Klein-Seetharaman J. (2012). Isotope labeling in mammalian cells. Methods Mol Biol 831:55–69
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ejaz S, Insan-ud-din Ashraf M, Nawaz M, et al. (2009). Cigarette smoke condensate and total particulate matter severely disrupts physiological angiogenesis. Food Chem Toxicol 47:601–14
   Google Scholar
• Foy JW, Bombick BR, Bombick DW, et al. (2004). A comparison of in vitro toxicities of cigarette smoke condensate from Eclipse cigarettes and four commercially available ultra low-“tar” cigarettes. Food Chem Toxicol 42: 237–43
   Google Scholar
• Fukano Y, Ogura M, Eguchi K, et al. (2004). Modified procedure of a direct in vitro exposure system for mammalian cells to whole cigarette smoke. Exp Toxicol Pathol 55:317–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green CR, Rodgman A. (1996). The tobacco chemists’ research conference: a half-century of advances in analytical methodology of tobacco and its products. Recent Adv Tob Sci 22:131–304
   Google Scholar
• Health Canada (2004). Official method T-502, neutral red uptake assay for mainstream tobacco smoke. 2nd ed. Ottawa (ON): Health Canada
   Google Scholar
• Hilliard C, Hill R, Armstrong M, et al. (2007). Chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster and human cells: a comparison using compounds with various genotoxicity profiles. Mutat Res 616:103–18
   Google Scholar
• Hobbs CA, Swartz C, Maronpot R, et al. (2012). Evaluation of the genotoxicity of the food additive, gum ghatti. Food Chem Toxicol 50:854–60
   Google Scholar
• Hussain M, Rao M, Humphries AE, et al. (2009). Tobacco smoke induces polycomb-mediated repression of Dickkopf-1 in lung cancer cells. Cancer Res 69:3570–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine (2011). Scientific standards for studies on modified risk tobacco products. Washington (DC): The National Academies Press
   Google Scholar
• ISO 4387 (2000). Cigarettes: determination of total and nicotine-free dry particulate matter using a routine analytical smoking machine. 3rd ed. Geneva: ISO
   Google Scholar
• Johnson MD, Schilz J, Djordjevic MV, et al. (2009). Evaluation of in vitro assays for assessing the toxicity of cigarette smoke and smokeless tobacco. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:3263–304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kier LD, Yamasaki E, Ames BN. (1974). Detection of mutagenic activity in cigarette smoke condensates. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 71:4159–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkland DJ, Hayashi M, Jacobson-Kram D, et al. (2007). Summary of major conclusions from the 4th IWGT, San Francisco, 9–10 September, 2005. Mutat Res 627:5–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knox P, Uphill PF, Fry JR, et al. (1986). The FRAME Multicentre project on in vitro cytotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 24:457–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kode A, Yang SR, Rahman I. (2006). Differential effects of cigarette smoke on oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine release in primary human airway epithelial cells and in a variety of transformed alveolar epithelial cells. Respir Res 7:132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lafi A, Parry JM. (1988). Cytogenetic activities of tobacco particulate matter (TPM) derived from a low to middle tar British cigarette. Mutat Res-Fund Mol M 201:365–74
   Google Scholar
• Lan MY, Ho CY, Lee T, Yang AH. (2007). Cigarette smoke extract induces cytotoxicity on human nasal epithelial cells. Am J Rhinol 21:218–23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lannan S, Donaldson K, Brown D, MacNee W. (1994). Effect of cigarette smoke and its condensates on alveolar epithelial cell injury in vitro. Am J Physiol 266:L92–100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu B, Kerepesi L, Wisse L, et al. (2007). Cytotoxicity and gene expression profiles in cell cultures exposed to whole smoke from three types of cigarettes. Toxicol Sci 98:469–78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammadi-Bardbori A, Nejati M, Esmaeili J, et al. (2008). Comparative measurement of in vitro paraquat and aflatoxin b1 cytotoxicity using three different cytotoxicity assays in pheochromocytoma cells (PC-12). Toxicol Mech Meth 18:685–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (2001). Guidance document on using in vitro data to estimate in vivo starting doses for acute toxicity. North Carolina: NIH Publication
   Google Scholar
• Ngamwongsatit P, Banada PP, Panbangred W, Bhunia AK. (2008). WST-1-based cell cytotoxicity assay as a substitute for MTT-based assay for rapid detection of toxigenic Bacillus species using CHO cell line. J Microbiol Meth 73:211–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okamoto Y. (2005). Recent trends of alternative methods to photoxicity testing in Japan. AATEX 11:39–48
   Google Scholar
• Putnam KP, Bombick DW, Doolittle DJ. (2002). Evaluation of eight in vitro assays for assessing the cytotoxicity of cigarette smoke condensate. Toxicol In Vitro 16:599–607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Repetto G, del Peso A, Zurita JL. (2008). Neutral red uptake assay for the estimation of cell viability/cytotoxicity. Nat Protoc 3:1125–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richter PA, Li AP, Polzin G, Roy SK. (2010). Cytotoxicity of eight cigarette smoke condensates in three test systems: comparisons between assays and condensates. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 58:428–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rickert WS, Trivedi AH, Momin RA, et al. (2007). Effect of smoking conditions and methods of collection on the mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of cigarette mainstream smoke. Toxicol Sci 96:285–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauvant MP, Pépin D, Bohatier J, Groliére CA. (1995). Comparison of six bioassays for assessing in vitro acute toxicity and structure-activity relationships for vinyl chloride monomer, its main metabolites and derivatives. Sci Total Environ 172:79–92
   Google Scholar
• Serikov VB, Leutenegger C, Krutilina R, et al. (2006). Cigarette smoke extract inhibits expression of peroxiredoxin V and increases airway epithelial permeability. Inhal Toxicol 18:79–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spielmann H, Genschow E, Liebsch M, Halle W. (1999). Determination of the starting dose for acute oral toxicity (LD50) testing in the up and down procedure (UDP) from cytotoxicity data. ATLA 27:957–66
   Google Scholar
• Weimar VL, Haraguchi KH. (1971). Neutral red uptake by corneal epithelial cells and by injury-activated corneal stromal cells: II. Competitive inhibition by riboflavin derivatives. Exp Eye Res 11:70–7
   Google Scholar
• Whitwell J, Fowler P, Allars S, et al. (2010). 2-Aminoanthracene, 5-fluorouracil, colchicine, benzo[a]pyrene, cadmium chloride and cytosine arabinoside tested in the in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test (MNvit) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells at Covance Laboratories, Harrogate UK in support of OECD draft Test Guideline 487. Mutat Res 702:237–47
   Google Scholar
• Xu A, Prophete C, Chen LC, et al. (2011). Interactive effect of cigarette smoke extract and world trade center dust particles on airway cell cytotoxicity. J Toxicol Environ Health A 74:887–902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang W, Acosta D. (1994). Cytotoxicity potential of surfactant mixtures evaluated by primary cultures of rabbit corneal epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 70:309–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ying Y, Xiong X, Yang X, et al. (2007). Establishment and use of 3t3 NRU assay for assessment of phototoxic hazard of cosmetic products. AATEX 14:515–18
   Google Scholar