Pulmonary Function is Associated with Distal Aortic Calcium, Not Proximal Aortic Distensibility. MESA Lung Study

REFERENCES

• Hole DJ, Watt GCM, Davey-Smith G, Hart CL, Gillis CR, Hawthorne VM. Impaired lung function and mortality risk in men and women: findings from the Renfrew and Paisley prospective population study. Br Med J 1996 Sep 21; 313(7059):711–715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGarvey LP, John M, Anderson JA, Zvarich M, Wise RA. Ascertainment of cause-specific mortality in COPD: Operations of the TORCH Clinical Endpoint Committee. Thorax 2007 May 1; 62(5):411–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willum Hansen T, Staessen JA, Torp-Pedersen C, Rasmussen S, Thijs L, Ibsen H, Jeppesen J. Prognostic value of aortic pulse wave velocity as index of arterial stiffness in the general population. Circulation 2006 Feb 7; 113(5):664–670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurent S, Cockcroft J, Van Bortel L, Boutouyrie P, Giannattasio C, Hayoz D, Pannier B, Vlachopoulos C, Wilkinson I, Struijker-Boudier H, on behalf of the European Network for Non-invasive Investigation of Large Arteries. Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: Methodological issues and clinical applications. Eur Heart J 2006 Nov 1; 27(21):2588–2605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zureik M, Benetos A, Neukirch C, Courbon D, Bean K, Thomas F, Ducimetiere P. Reduced pulmonary function is associated with central arterial stiffness in men. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001 Dec 15; 164(12):2181–2185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolton CE, Cockcroft JR, Sabit R, Munnery M, McEniery CM, Wilkinson IB, Ebrahim S, Gallacher JE, Shale DJ, Ben-Shlomo Y. Lung function in mid-life compared with later life is a stronger predictor of arterial stiffness in men: The Caerphilly Prospective Study. Intl J Epidemiol 2009; 38(3):867–876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabit R, Bolton CE, Edwards PH, Pettit RJ, Evans WD, McEniery CM, Wilkinson IB, Cockcroft JR, Shale DJ. Arterial stiffness and osteoporosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Jun 15; 175(12):1259–1265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maclay JD, McAllister DA, Mills NL, Paterson FP, Ludlam CA, Drost EM, Newby DE, MacNee W. Vascular Dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009 Sep 15; 180(6):513–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gan WQ, Man SFP, Senthilselvan A, Sin DD. Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic inflammation: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Thorax 2004 Jul 1; 59(7):574–580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zieman SJ, Melenovsky V, Kass DA. Mechanisms, pathophysiology, and therapy of arterial stiffness. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005 May 1; 25(5):932–943.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson PWF, Kauppila LI, O'Donnell CJ, Kiel DP, Hannan M, Polak JM, Cupples LA. Abdominal aortic calcific deposits are an important predictor of vascular morbidity and mortality. Circulation 2001 Mar 20; 103(11):1529–1534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodondi N, Taylor BC, Bauer DC, Lui L, Vogt MT, Fink HA, Browner WS, Cummings SR, Ensrud KE. Association between aortic calcification and total and cardiovascular mortality in older women. J Intern Med 2007; 261(3):238–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michos ED, Vaidya D, Gapstur SM, Schreiner PJ, Golden SH, Wong ND, Criqui MH, Ouyang P. Sex hormones, sex hormone binding globulin, and abdominal aortic calcification in women and men in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Atherosclerosis 2008 Oct; 200(2):432–438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bild DE, Bluemke DA, Burke GL, Detrano R, Diez Roux AV, Folsom AR, Greenland P, Jacobs Jr. DR, Kronmal R, Liu K, Nelson JC, O'Leary D, Saad MF, Shea S, Szklo M, Tracy RP. Multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis: objectives and design. Am J Epidemiol 2002 Nov 1; 156(9):871–881.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankinson J, Odencrantz J, Fedan K. Spirometric Reference values from a sample of the general U.S. Population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999 Jan 1; 159(1):179–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr JJ, Nelson JC, Wong ND, McNitt-Gray M, Arad Y, Jacobs DR, Sidney S, Bild DE, Williams OD, Detrano RC. Calcified coronary artery plaque measurement with cardiac ct in population-based studies: Standardized protocol of multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA) and coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study. Radiology 2005 Jan 1; 234(1):35–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takasu J, Budoff MJ, O'Brien KD, Shavelle DM, Probstfield JL, Carr JJ, Katz R. Relationship between coronary artery and descending thoracic aortic calcification as detected by computed tomography: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2009 Jun; 204(2):440–446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malayeri AA, Natori S, Bahrami H, Bertoni AG, Kronmal R, Lima JA, Bluemke DA. Relation of aortic wall thickness and distensibility to cardiovascular risk factors (from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis [MESA]). Am J Cardiol 2008 Aug 15; 102(4):491–496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heckbert SR, Post W, Pearson GDN, Arnett DK, Gomes AS, Jerosch-Herold M, Hundley WG, Lima JA, Bluemke DA. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors in relation to left ventricular mass, volume, and systolic function by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006 Dec 5; 48(11):2285–2292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Crapo R, Enright P, Van Der Grinten CPM, Gustafsson P, Jensen R, Johnson DC, MacIntyre N, McKay R, Navajas D, Pedersen OF, Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Wanger J. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J 2005 Aug 1; 26(2):319–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankinson JL, Kawut SM, Shahar E, Smith LJ, Stukovsky KH, Barr RG. Performance of American Thoracic Society-recommended spirometry reference values in a multiethnic sample of adults. Chest 2010 Jan 1; 137(1):138–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman EA, Jiang R, Baumhauer H, Brooks MA, Carr JJ, Detrano R, Reinhardt J, Rodriguez J, Stukovsky K, Wong ND, Barr RG. Reproducibility and validity of lung density measures from cardiac CT Scans—The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA) lung study. Acad Radiol 2009 Jun; 16(6):689–699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Emphysema Treatment Trial Research Group. A randomized trial comparing lung-volume-reduction surgery with medical therapy for severe emphysema. N Engl J Med 2003 May 22; 348(21):2059–2073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman KR, Tashkin DP, Pye DJ. Gender bias in the diagnosis of COPD. Chest 2001 Jun 1; 119(6):1691–1695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT, Roccella EJ, the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2003 Dec 1; 42(6):1206–1252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erbel R, Delaney JA, Lehmann N, McClelland RL, Möhlenkamp S, Kronmal RA, Schmermund A, Moebus S, Dragano N, Stang A, Jöckel K, Budoff MJ, on behalf of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and the Investigator Group of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. Signs of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in relation to risk factor distribution in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study (HNR). Eur Heart J 2008 Nov 2; 29(22):2782–2791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothman KJ. No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons. Epidemiology 1990 Jan; 1(1):43–46.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taneda K, Namekata T, Hughes D, Suzuki K, Knopp R, Ozasa K. Association of lung function with atherosclerotic risk factors among Japanese Americans: Seattle Nikkei Health Study. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2004; 31(s2):S31–S34.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McEniery CM, McDonnell BJ, So A, Aitken S, Bolton CE, Munnery M, Hickson SS, Yasmin, Maki-Petaja KM, Cockcroft JR, Dixon AK, Wilkinson IB, on behalf of the Anglo-Cardiff Collaboration Trial Investigators. Aortic calcification is associated with aortic stiffness and isolated systolic hypertension in healthy individuals. Hypertension 2009 Mar 1; 53(3):524–531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerin AP, London GM, Marchais SJ, Metivier F. Arterial stiffening and vascular calcifications in end-stage renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000 Jul 1; 15(7):1014–1021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santus P, Sola A, Carlucci P, Fumagalli F, Di Gennaro A, Mondoni M, Carnini C, Centanni S, Sala A. Lipid peroxidation and 5-lipoxygenase activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005 Apr 15; 171(8):838–843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature 2002 Dec 19;420(6917):868–874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tintut Y, Patel J, Parhami F, Demer LL. Tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} promotes in vitro calcification of vascular cells via the cAMP pathway. Circulation 2000; Nov 21;102(21):2636–2642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parhami F, Morrow AD, Balucan J, Leitinger N, Watson AD, Tintut Y, Berliner JA, Demer LL. Lipid oxidation products have opposite effects on calcifying vascular cell and bone cell differentiation: A possible explanation for the paradox of arterial calcification in osteoporotic patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; Apr 1;17(4):680–687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang R, Burke GL, Enright PL, Newman AB, Margolis HG, Cushman M, Tracy RP, Wang Y, Kronmal RA, Barr RG. Inflammatory markers and longitudinal lung function decline in the elderly. Am J Epidemiol 2008; Sep 15; 168(6):602–610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar