Breathlessness and Skeletal Muscle Weakness in Patients Undergoing Lung Health Screening in Primary Care

References

• Nacul L, Soljak M, Samarasundera E, COPD in England: a comparison of expected, model-based prevalence and observed prevalence from general practice data. J Publ Health (Oxf) 2011; 33:108–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastin A, Starling L, Ahmed R, High prevalence of undiagnosed and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at first hospital admission with acute exacerbation. Chron Respir Dis 2010; 7:91–97.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• British Lung Foundation. Invisible Lives. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)—Finding the missing millions, November 2007
   Google Scholar
• Rabe KF, Hurd S, Anzueto A, Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: GOLD Executive Summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176:532–555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute for Clinical Excellence. National Clinical Guideline on Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care. Thorax 2004; 59:i1–232.
   Google Scholar
• Bednarek M, Gorecka D, Wielgomas J, Smokers with airway obstruction are more likely to quit smoking. Thorax 2006; 61:869–873.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorecka D, Bednarek M, Nowinski A, Diagnosis of airflow limitation combined with smoking cessation advice increases stop-smoking rate. Chest 2003; 123:1916–1923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkes G, Greenhalgh T, Griffin M, Effect on smoking quit rate of telling patients their lung age: The Step2quit randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2008; 336:598–600.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz JR, Sui X, Lobelo F, Association between muscular strength and mortality in men: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2008; 337:a439. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrikrishna D, Hopkinson NS. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: consequences beyond the lung. Clin Med 2012; 12:71–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swallow EB, Reyes D, Hopkinson NS, Quadriceps strength predicts mortality in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2007; 62:115–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gosker HR, Lencer NHMK, Franssen FME, Striking similarities in systemic factors contributing to decreased exercise capacity in patients with severe chronic heart failure or COPD. Chest 2003; 123:1416–1424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA 2004; 291:1238–1245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrikrishna D, Patel M, Tanner RJ, Quadriceps wasting and physical inactivity in patients with COPD. Eur Respir J 2012, in press.
   Google Scholar
• Seymour JM, Spruit MA, Hopkinson NS, The prevalence of quadriceps weakness in COPD and the relationship with disease severity. Eur Respir J 2010; 36:81–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Man WD, Soliman MG, Nikoletou D, Non-volitional assessment of skeletal muscle strength in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2003; 58:665–669.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkinson NS, Polkey MI. Does physical inactivity cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Clin Sci (Lond) 2010; 118:565–572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nacul L, Soljak M, Samarasundera E, COPD in England: a comparison of expected, model-based prevalence and observed prevalence from general practice data. J Publ Health 2010: 10.1093/pubmed/fdq1031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falzon C, Elkin SL, Kelly JL, Can financial incentives for improvements in healthcare quality enhance identification of COPD in primary care? Thorax 2011; 66:630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bestall JC Paul EA, Garrod R, Garnham R, Jones PW, Wedzicha JA. Usefulness of the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale as a measure of disability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1999; 54:581–586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J 2005; 26:319–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchman AS, Boyle PA, Wilson RS, Pulmonary function, muscle strength and mortality in old age. Mechan Ageing Develop 2008; 129:625–631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Health (UK). The General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPPAQ) 2006. http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicy
AndGuidance/DH_063812
   Google Scholar
• Ulrik CS, Lokke A, Dahl R, Early detection of COPD in general practice. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2011; 6:123–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton AL, Killian KJ, Summers E, Muscle strength, symptom intensity, and exercise capacity in patients with cardiorespiratory disorders. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152:2021–2031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones NL, Killian KJ. Exercise limitation in health and disease. N Engl J Med 2000; 343:632–641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hülsmann M, Quittan M, Berger R, Muscle strength as a predictor of long-term survival in severe congestive heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure 2004; 6:101–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katzmarzyk PT, Craig CL. Musculoskeletal fitness and risk of mortality. Med Sci Sports Exer 2002; 34:740–744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casaburi R, Patessio A, Ioli F, Reductions in exercise lactic acidosis and ventilation as a result of exercise training in patients with obstructive lung disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 143:9–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polkey MI, Moxham J. Attacking the disease spiral in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Med 2006; 6:190–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byberg L, Melhus H, Gedeborg R, Total mortality after changes in leisure time physical activity in 50 year old men: 35 year follow-up of population based cohort. BMJ 2009; 338:b688. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b688.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bernard S, LeBlanc P, Whittom F, Peripheral muscle weakness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158:629–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gosselink R, Troosters T, Decramer M. Peripheral muscle weakness contributes to exercise limitation in COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153:976–980.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swallow EB, Reyes D, Hopkinson NS, Quadriceps strength predicts mortality in patients with moderate to severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Thorax 2006: 62:115–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodd JW, Hogg L, Nolan J, The COPD assessment test (CAT): response to pulmonary rehabilitation. A multicentre, prospective study. Thorax 2011; 66:425–429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nici L, Donner C, Wouters E, American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Statement on Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173:1390–1413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkinson NS, Tennant RC, Dayer MJ, A prospective study of decline in fat free mass and skeletal muscle strength in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2007; 8:25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonker JT, De Laet C, Franco OH, Physical activity and life expectancy with and without diabetes: Life table analysis of the Framingham Heart Study. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:38–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Aymerich J, Lange P, Benet M, Regular physical activity modifies smoking-related lung function decline and reduces risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A population-based cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 175:458–463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Aymerich J, Lange P, Serra I, Time-dependent confounding in the study of the effects of regular physical activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: An application of the marginal structural model. Ann Epidemiol 2008; 18:775–783.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakes RW, Day NE, Patel B, Physical inactivity is associated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second: European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk Prospective Population Study. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156:139–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelkonen M, Notkola I-L, Lakka T, Delaying Decline in Pulmonary Function with Physical Activity: A 25-Year Follow-up. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168:494–499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Twisk J, Staal B, Brinkman M, Tracking of lung function parameters and the longitudinal relationship with lifestyle. Eur Respir J 1998; 12:627–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canoy D, Pekkanen J, Elliott P, Early growth and adult respiratory function in men and women followed from the fetal period to adulthood. Thorax 2007; 62:396–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng YJ, Macera CA, Addy CL, Effects of physical activity on exercise tests and respiratory function. Br J Sports Med 2003; 37:521–528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandvik L, Erikssen G, Thaulow E. Long term effects of smoking on physical fitness and lung function: a longitudinal study of 1393 middle aged Norwegian men for seven years. BMJ 1995; 311:715–718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decramer M, Rennard S, Troosters T, COPD as a lung disease with systemic consequences—Clinical impact, mechanisms, and potential for early intervention. COPD: J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2008; 5:235–256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watz H, Waschki B, Boehme C, Extrapulmonary effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on physical activity: A cross-sectional study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 177:743–751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wust RC, Morse CI, de Haan A, Skeletal muscle properties and fatigue resistance in relation to smoking history. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008; 104:103–110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morse CI, Wust RCI, Jones DA, Muscle fatigue resistance during stimulated contractions is reduced in young male smokers. Acta Physiol 2007; 191:123–129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen AMW, Magkos F, Atherton P, Smoking impairs muscle protein synthesis and increases the expression of myostatin and MAFbx in muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 293:E843–848
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapuri PB, Gallagher JC, Smith LM. Smoking is a risk factor for decreased physical performance in elderly women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2007; 62:93–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JS, Auyeung TW, Kwok T, Associated factors and health impact of sarcopenia in older Chinese men and women: A cross-sectional study. Gerontology 2007; 53:404–410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar