Secretion of arsenic, cholesterol, vitamin E, and zinc from the site of arsenical melanosis and leucomelanosis in skin

References

• Guha Mazumder DN. Criteria for case definition of arsenicosis. Chappell WR, Abernathy CO, Calderon RL, Thomas DJ. Arsenic exposure and health effects V. Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V.; 2003, 117–134.
   Google Scholar
• McNeer G. Arsenical keratosis and epitheliomas. Ann Sur 1934; 99:348–353.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Health Bulletin 2009. Management information services, Directorate General of Health Services, 49–50; www.dghs.gov.bd. Accessed 4 April 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Mudur G. Half of Bangladesh population at risk of arsenic poisoning. Br Med J 2000; 320:822.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Underhill FP. The distribution of arsenic in a human body. J Biol Chem 1914; 19:513–515.
   Google Scholar
• Lerner AB, Fitzpatrick TB. Biochemistry of melanin formation. Physiol Rev 1950; 30:91–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misbahuddin M, Momin A, Al-Amin M. All-E lutein and 3′-epilutein concentrations in the epidermis of chronic arsenic poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phil) 2008; 46:176–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yardley HJ. Human epidermal lipids. Pure Appl Chem 1990; 62:1373–1376.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King JC, Shames DM, Woodhouse LR. Zinc homeostasis in humans. J Nutr 2000; 130:1360S–1366S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaëlsson G, Ljunghall K, Danielson BG. Zinc in epidermis and dermis of normal subjects. Acta Derm Venereol 1980; 60:295–299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shindo Y, Witt E, Han D, Epstein W, Packer L. Enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants in epidermis and dermis of human skin. J Invest Dermatol 1994; 102:122–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molokhia MM, Portnoy B. Neutron activation analysis of trace elements in skin 3. Zinc in normal skin. Br J Dermatol 1969; 81:759–762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berenson GS, Burch GE. Studies of diffusion of water through dead human skin: the effect of different environmental states and of chemical alterations of the epidermis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1951; 31:842–853.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flora SJ. Arsenic-induced oxidative stress and its reversibility following combined administration of n-acetylcysteine and meso 2,3–dimercaptosuccinic acid in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1999; 26:865–869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misbahuddin M, Islam AZ, Khandker S, Ifthaker-Al-Mahmud, Islam N, Anjumanara. Efficacy of spirulina extract plus zinc in patients of chronic arsenic poisoning: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2006; 44:135–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roeschlau P, Bernt E, Gruber W. Enzymatic determination of total cholesterol in serum. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1974; 12:403–407.
   Google Scholar
• Baker H, Frank O. Determination in serum tocopherol. Gowenlock AH. Practical clinical biochemistry. 6th. London: Heinemann Medical Books; 1968. 902.
   Google Scholar
• Fuwa K, Pulido P, Mckay R, Vallee BL. Determination of zinc in biological materials by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Anal Chem 1964; 36:2407–2411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh S, How SW, Lin CS. Arsenical cancer of skin: histologic study with special reference to Bowen's disease. Cancer 1968; 21:312–339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robert VP, Zurchee H. Pigmentstudien. Dermatologica 1950; 100: 217–241.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Halliwell B. Antioxidants in human health and disease. Annu Rev Nutr 1996; 16:33–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudhuri AN, Basu S, Chattopadhyay S, Das Gupta S. Effect of high arsenic content in drinking water on rat brain. Indian J Biochem Biophys 1999; 36:51–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiele JJ, Weber SU, Packer L. Sebaceous gland secretion is a major physiologic route of vitamin E delivery to skin. J Invest Dermatol 1999; 113:1006–1010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang JK, Gohil K, Packer L. Simultaneous determination of tocopherols, ubiquinols, and ubiquinones in blood, plasma, tissue homogenates, and subcellular fractions. Anal Biochem 1986; 157:106–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khandker S, Dey RK, Islam AZMM, Ahmad SA, Al-Mahmud I. Arsenic-safe drinking water and antioxidants for the management of arsenicosis patients. Bangladesh J Pharmacol 2006; 1:42–50.
   Google Scholar
• Wang C. Concentration of arsenic, selenium, zinc, iron and copper in the urine of blackfoot disease patients at different clinical stages. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1996; 34:493–497.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aruoma OI, Reilly T, MacLaren D, Halliwell B. Iron, copper, and zinc concentrations in human sweat and plasma: the effect of exercise. Clin Chim Acta 1988; 177:81–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinmaus C, Carrigan K, Kalman D, Atalla R, Yaun Y, Smith AH. Dietary intake and arsenic methylation in a US population. Environ Health Perspect 2005; 113:1153–1159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikkari T, Schreibman PH, Ahrens EH Jr. In vivo studies of sterol and squalene secretion by human skin. J Lipid Res 1974; 15:563–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung JS, Haque R, Guha Mazumder DN, Moore LE, Ghosh N, Samanta S, . Blood concentrations of methionine, selenium, beta-carotene, and other micronutrients in a case–control study of arsenic-induced skin lesions in West Bengal, India. Environ Res 2006; 101:230–237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar