References
- Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR Jr, Green JL, Rumack BH, Giffin SL. 2009 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 27th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol 2010; 48:979–1178.
- Corneille MG, Larson S, Stewart RM, Dent D, Myers JG, Lopez PP, McFarland MJ, Cohn SM. A large single-center experience with treatment of patients with crotalid envenomations: outcomes with and evolution of antivenin therapy. Am J Surg 2006; 192(6):848–852.
- Spiller HA, Bosse GM. Prospective study of morbidity associated with snakebite envenomation. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2003; 41(2): 125–130.
- Tanen D, Ruha AM, Graeme K, Curry S. Epidemiology and hospital course of rattlesnake envenomations cared for at a tertiary referral center in central Arizona. Acad Emerg Med 2001; 8(2):177–182.
- Thorson A, Lavonas EJ, Rouse AM, Kerns WP. Copperhead envenomations in the Carolinas. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2003; 41(1): 29–35.
- Sutherland SK, Coulter AR, Harris RD. Rationalisation of first-aid measures for elapid snakebite. Lancet 1979; 27:183–185.
- Howarth DM, Southee AE, Whyte IM. Lymphatic flow rates and first-aid in simulated peripheral snake or spider envenomation. Med J Aust 1994; 161:695–700.
- German BT, Hack JB, Brewer K, Meggs WJ. Pressure-immobilization bandages delay toxicity in a porcine model of Eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius fulvius) envenomation. Ann Emerg Med 2005; 45: 603–608.
- Canale E, Isbister GK, Currie BJ. Investigating pressure bandaging for snakebite in a simulated setting: bandage type, training, and the effect of transport. Emerg Med Australas 2009; 21:184–190.
- Currie BJ, Canale E, Isbister GK. Effectiveness of pressure-immobilization first aid for snakebite requires further study. Emerg Med Australas 2008; 20:267–270.
- Norris RL, Ngo J, Nolan K, Hooker G. Physicians and lay people are unable to apply pressure immobilization properly in a simulated snakebite scenario. Wilderness Environ Med 2005; 16:16–21.
- Simpson ID, Tanwar PD, Andrade C, Kochar DK, Norris RL. The Ebbinghaus retention curve: training does not increase the ability to apply pressure immobilization in simulated snake bite – implications for snake bite first aid in the developing world. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2008; 102(5):451–459.
- Bush SP, Green SM, Laack TA, Hayes WK, Cardwell MD, Tanen DA. Pressure immobilization delays mortality and increases intracompartmental pressure after artificial intramuscular rattlesnake envenomation in a porcine model. Ann Emerg Med 2004; 44:599–604.
- Meggs WJ, Courtney C, O'Rourke D, Brewer KL. Pilot studies of pressure-immobilization bandages for rattlesnake envenomations. Clin Toxicol 2010; 48:61–63.
- Sutherland SK, Coulter AR. Early management of bites by the Eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus): studies in monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Am J Trop Med Hyg 1981; 30: 497–200.