1,548
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The relationship between snus use and smoking cognitions

, &
Pages 447-455 | Received 16 Jul 2011, Accepted 07 Feb 2012, Published online: 14 Mar 2012

References

  • Acock AC. Working with missing values. Journal of Marriage and Family 2005; 61: 1012–1028
  • Ary DV, Lichtenstein E, Severson HH. Smokeless tobacco use among male adolescents: Patterns, correlates, predictors and the use of other drugs. Preventive Medicine 1987; 16: 385–401
  • Brandon TH, Baker TB. The Smoking Consequence Questionnaire: The subject utility of smoking in college students. Psychological Assessment 1991; 3: 484–491
  • Chassin L, Presson CC, Sherman SJ, Edwards DA. Four pathways to young-adult smoking status: Adolescent social-psychological antecedents in a Midwestern community sample. Health Psychology 1991; 10: 409–418
  • Doran N, Schweizer CA, Myers MG. Do expectancies for reinforcement from smoking change after smoking initiation?. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 2011; 25: 101–107
  • Eiser JR. Smoking: The social learning of an addiction. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 1985; 3: 446–457
  • Eiser JR, Morgan M, Gammage P. Belief correlates of perceived addiction in young smokers. European Journal of Psychology of Education 1987; 11: 375–385
  • Furberg H, Bulik CM, Lerman C, Lichtenstein P, Pedersen NL, Sullivan PF. Is Swedish snus associated with smoking initiation or smoking cessation?. Tobacco Control 2005; 14: 422–424
  • Furberg H, Lichtenstein P, Pedersen NL, Bulik C, Sullivan PF. Cigarettes and oral snuff use in Sweden: Prevalence and transitions. Addiction 2006; 101: 1509–1515
  • Galanti MR, Rosendal I, Post A, Gilljam H. Early gender differences in adolescent tobacco use: The experience of a Swedish cohort. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 2001; 29: 314–317
  • Galanti MR, Rosendahl I, Wickholm S. The development of tobacco use in adolescence among “snus starters” and “cigarette starters”: An analysis of the Swedish “BROMS” cohort. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2008; 10: 315–323
  • Gartner CE, Hall WD, Vos T, Bertram MY, Wallace AL, Lim SS. Assessment of Swedish snus for tobacco harm reduction: An epidemiological modeling study. The Lancet 2007; 369: 2010–2014
  • Gerrard M, Gibbons FX, Stock ML, Vande Lune LS, Cleveland MJ. Images of smokers and willingness to smoke among African American pre-adolescents: An application of the prototype/willingness model of adolescents health risk behavior to smoking initiation. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2005; 30: 305–318
  • Gibbons FX, Gerrard M, McCoy SB. Prototype perception predicts (lack of) pregnancy prevention. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1995; 21: 85–93
  • Haddock CK, Weg MV, DeBon M, Klesges RC, Talcott GW, Lando H, Peterson. A. Evidence that smokeless tobacco use is a gateway for smoking initiation in young adult males. Preventive Medicine 2001; 32: 262–267
  • Haukkala A, Vartiainen E, de Vries H. Progression of oral snuff use among Finnish 13-16 year old students and its relation to smoking behaviour. Addiction 2006; 101: 581–589
  • Heinz AJ, Kassel JD, Berbaum M, Mermelstein R. Adolescents’ expectancies for smoking to regulate affect predict smoking behavior and nicotine dependence over time. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2010; 11: 128–135
  • Hine DW, Marks ADG, O’Neill G. Smoking cessation in adults: A dual process perspective. Addiction Research and Theory 2009; 17: 220–229
  • Kandel DB. Stages in adolescent involvement in drug use. Science 1975; 190: 4–912
  • Kandel DB. Stages and pathways of drug involvement: Examining the gateway hypothesis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 2002
  • Kandel DB, Jessor R. The gateway hypothesis revisited. Stages and pathways of drug involvement: Examining the gateway hypothesis, DB Kandel. Cambridge University Press, New York 2002; 365–372
  • Kozlowski LT, O’Connor RJ, Edwards BQ, Flaherty BF. Most smokeless tobacco use is not a causal gateway to cigarettes: Using order of product use to evaluate causation in national US sample. Addiction 2003; 98: 1077–1085
  • Larsen E, Rise J, Astrom AN. Expectancies and intentions to use snus among Norwegian first-year students. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2011; 13: 313–318
  • Lee PN, Hamling J. The relation between smokeless tobacco and cancer in Northern Europe and North America. A commentary on differences between the conclusions reached by two recent reviews. BMC Cancer 2009; 9: 256
  • Lewis-Esquerre JM, Rodrigue JR, Kahler CW. Development and validation of an adolescent smoking consequences questionnaire. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2005; 7: 81–90
  • Lund KE, (2009). A tobacco-free society or harm reduction? Which objective is best for the remaining smokers in Scandinavia? (Report No. 2/2009). Oslo: SIRUS
  • Lund M, & Lindbak, R.L. (2007). Norwegian tobacco statistics 1973–2006 (Report No. 3/2007). Oslo: SIRUS
  • O’Connor RJ, Flaherty BP, Edwards BQ, Kozlowski LT. Regular smokeless tobacco use is not a reliable predictor of smoking onset when psychosocial predictors are included in the model. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2003; 5: 535–543
  • Ramstrom LM, Foulds J. Role of snus in initiation and cessation of tobacco smoking in Sweden. Tobacco Control 2006; 15: 210–215
  • Royal College of Physicians (2007). Harm reduction in nicotine addiction: Helping people who can’t quit. A report by the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians. London: Author
  • Ritchie D, Amos A, Martin C. “But it just has that sort of feel about it, a leper” – Stigma, smoke-free legislation and public health. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2010; 12: 622–629
  • Rodu B, Cole P. Evidence against a gateway from smokeless tobacco to smoking. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2010; 12: 530–534
  • Scheffels J. Stigma, or sort of cool. Young adults’ accounts of smoking and identity. European Journal of Cultural Studies 2009; 12: 409–86
  • Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly-Identified Health Risks (2008, February). Scientific opinion on the health effects of smokeless tobacco products. Brussels: European Commission
  • Severson HH, Forrester KK, Biglan A. Use of smokeless tobacco is a risk factor for cigarette smoking. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2006; 9: 1331–1337
  • Skalle S, Rise J. The relationship between smoker and nonsmoker prototypes and smoking status among 14-year-old Norwegians. Addictive Behaviors 2006; 31: 57–68
  • Spijkerman R, ven den Eijnden RJ, Engels RC. Self-comparison processes, prototypes, and smoking onset among early adolescents. Preventive Medicine 2005; 40: 785–794
  • Timberlake DS, Huh J, Lakon CM. Use of propensity score matching in evaluating smokeless tobacco as a gateway to smoking. Nicotine and Tobacco research 2009; 11: 455–462
  • Tomar SL. Is use of smokeless tobacco a risk factor for cigarette smoking? The U.S. experience. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2003; 5: 561–569
  • Tomar SL, Loree M. Errors in analyzing associations between use of smokeless tobacco and cigarettes. Addiction 2004; 99: 260–262
  • Van den Eijnden RJJM, Spijkerman R, Engels RCME. Relative contribution of smoker prototypes in predicting smoking among adolescents: A comparison with factors from the theory of planned behavior. European Addiction Research 2006; 12: 113–120
  • Wahl S, Turner L, Mermelstein RJ, Flay BR. Adolescents’ smoking expectancies: Psychometric properties and prediction of behavior change. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2005; 7: 613–623
  • Walsh MM, Langer T, Kavanagh N, Mansell C, MacDougal W, Kavanagh C, Gansky SA. Smokeless tobacco cessation cluster randomized trial with rural high school males: Intervention interaction with baseline smoking. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2010; 6: 543–550
  • Wetter DW, Smith SS, Kenford SL, Jorenby DE, Fiore MC, Hurt RD, , Baker TB, et al. Smoking outcome expectancies: Factor structure, predictive validity, and discriminant validity. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1994; 4: 801–811
  • Wiium N, Aarø LE, Hetland J. Subjective attractiveness and perceived trendiness in smoking and snus use: A study among young Norwegians. Health Education Research 2009; 24: 162–172