Legitimacy through scaremongering: The discursive role of alcohol in online discussions of cannabis use and policy

References

• Ballotta D. Bergeron, H., & Hughes, B. 2008, Cannabis control in Europe. In EMCDDA (Ed.), A cannabis reader: Global issues and local experiences (Vol. 1, pp. 97–117). Monograph series 8. Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
   Google Scholar
• Barratt MJ. Discussing illicit drugs in public internet forums: Visibility, stigma, and pseudonymity. C&T ’11. Proceedings of the fifth international conference on communities and technologies, Brisbane, Australia, J Kjeldskov, J Paay. ACM, New York, NY 2011; 159–168
   Google Scholar
• Becker HS. Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of deviance. Free press, New York, NY 1966
   Google Scholar
• Bell P. Drugs and the media. Australian Alcohol/Drug Review 1985; 4: 235–242
   Google Scholar
• Bell K, Salmon A, Bowers M, Bell J, McCullough L. Smoking, stigma and tobacco ‘denormalization’: Further reflections on the use of stigma as a public health tool. A commentary on social science & medicine's stigma, prejudice, discrimination and health special issue (67:3). Social Science & Medicine 2010; 70: 795–799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger PL, Luckmann T. The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Penguin, Repr. London 1991
   Google Scholar
• Boyer E, Shannon M, Hibberd P. The Internet and psychoactive substance use among innovative drug users. Pediatrics 2005; 115: 302–305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boys JM, Fountain J, Griffiths P, Stillwell G, Strang J. What influences young people's use of drugs? A qualitative study of decision-making. Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy 1999; 6: 373–387
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brochu S, Duff C, Asbridge M, Erickson PG. “There's what's on paper and then there's what happens, out on the sidewalk”: Cannabis users knowledge and opinions of Canadian drug laws. Journal of Drug Issues 2011; 41: 95–115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christie N, Bruun K. Den goda fienden: Narkotikapolitik i Norden. Rabén & Sjögren, Stockholm 1985
   Google Scholar
• Crispino A. Deterrence of harm to self: A study of online rhetoric. Real drugs in a virtual world: Drug discourse and community online, E Murguía, MA Tackett-Gibson, A Lessem. Lexington Books, Lanham, MD 2007; 83–98
   Google Scholar
• Denzin N. Cybertalk and the method of instances. Doing internet research, S Jones. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA and London 1999; 107–126
   Google Scholar
• DN [Dagens Nyheter] (2011-05-28). Tonåringarna väljer narkotika före alkohol. Retrieved from http://www.dn.se/sthlm/tonaringarna-valjer-droger-fore-alkohol?
   Google Scholar
• Duff C, Asbridge M, Brochu S, Cousineau M-M, Hathaway AD, Marsh D, Erickson PG. A Canadian perspective on cannabis normalization among adults. Addiction Research and Theory 2012; 20: 271–283
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairclough N. Analysing discourse: Textual analysis for social research. Routledge, London 2003
   Google Scholar
• Flashback Forum. Retrieved from www.flashback.org and www.flashback.org/f296
   Google Scholar
• Gatson SN. Assessing the likelihood of Internet information-seeking leading to offline drug use by youth. Real drugs in a virtual world: Drug discourse and community online, E Murguía, MA Tackett-Gibson, A Lessem. Lexington Books, Lanham, MD 2007; 99–120
   Google Scholar
• Greenfield PM, Subrahmanyam K. Online discourse in a teen chatroom: New codes and new modes of coherence in a visual medium. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 2003; 24: 713–738
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grønbæk M. The positive and negative health effects of alcohol and the public health implications. Journal of Internal Medicine 2009; 265: 407–420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammersley R, Jenkins R, Reid M. Cannabis use and social identity. Addiction Research and Theory 2001; 9: 133–150
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellum M. Negotiating risk and curiosity: Narratives about drugs among backpackers. Drugs and youth cultures: Global and local expressions, P Lalander, M Salasuo. NAD-publication 46/2001, Helsinki 2005; 105–120
   Google Scholar
• Hellum M. Performing cannabis in the light of the backpacker discourse. Contemporary Drug Problems 2010; 37: 165–187
   Google Scholar
• Huffaker DA, Calvert SL. Gender, identity, and language use in teenage blogs. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 2005; 10, Article 1. Retrieved from http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol10/issue2/huffaker.html
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Järvinen M, Demant J. The normalization of cannabis use among young people: Symbolic boundary work in focus groups. Health, Risk and Society 2011; 13: 165–182
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson BD, Bardhi F, Sifaneck SJ, Dunlap E. Marijuana argot as subculture threads: Social constructions by users in New York City. The British Journal of Criminology 2006; 46: 46–77
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel D. Stages in adolescent involvement in drug use. Science 1975; 190: 912–914
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendall L. Hanging out in a virtual pub. University of California Press, Berkeley 2002
   Google Scholar
• Laclau E. On populist reason. Verso, London 2005
   Google Scholar
• Laclau E, & Mouffe, C. (2008). Hegemonin och den socialistiska strategin (Swedish ed.). Göteborg, Stockholm: Glänta produktion, Vertigo förlag
   Google Scholar
• Latin American Commission on Drugs and Democracy (2009). Drugs and democracy: Toward a paradigm shift. Statement by the Latin American commission on drugs and democracy.
   Google Scholar
• Lenke L, Olsson B. Swedish drug policy in the twenty-first century: A policy model going astray. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 2002; 582: 64–79
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann C, Stewart F. Internet communication and qualitative research: A handbook for researching online. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, London, New Dehli 2000
   Google Scholar
• Marková I, Linell P, Grossen M, Salazar Orvig A. Dialogue in focus groups: Exploring socially shared knowledge. Equinox, London, Oakville 2007
   Google Scholar
• Moore TH, Zammit S, Lindfors-Hughes A, Barnes TR, Jones PB, Burke M, Lewis G. Cannabis use and risk for psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: A systematic review. The Lancet 2007; 370: 319–328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murguía E. Causal factors in drug use: A phenomenological approach based on Internet data. Real drugs in a virtual world: Drug discourse and community online, E Murguía, MA Tackett-Gibson, A Lessem. Lexington Books, Lanham, MD 2007; 59–66
   Google Scholar
• Murguía E, Tackett-Gibson, M.A., & Lessem, A. (Eds.). (2007). Real drugs in a virtual world: Drug discourse and community online. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books
   Google Scholar
• Murguía E, Tackett-Gibson MA, Willard R. Club drugs, online communities, and harm reduction websites on the Internet. Real drugs in a virtual world: Drug discourse and community online, E Murguía, MA Tackett-Gibson, A Lessem. Lexington Books, Lanham, MD 2007; 5–22
   Google Scholar
• Olaniran B. Electronic tribes (E-tribes): Some theoretical perspectives and implications. Electronic tribes: Virtual worlds of geeks, gamers, shamans and scammers, T Adams, S Smith. University of Texas Press, Austin, TX 2008; 36–57
   Google Scholar
• Olsson, B. (2008). Cannabis's role in drawing attention to “the drugs problem” in Sweden. In EMCDDA (Ed.), A cannabis reader: Global issues and local experiences (Vol. 1, pp. 51–62). Monograph series 8. Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
   Google Scholar
• Parker H, Aldridge J, Measham F. Illegal leisure: The normalization of adolescent recreational drug use. Routledge, New York & London 1998
   Google Scholar
• Pedersen W. Cannabis use: Subcultural opposition or social marginality?. Acta Sociologica 2009; 52: 135–148
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennay A, Moore D. Exploring the micro-politics of normalization: Narratives of pleasure, self-control and desire in a sample of young Australian ‘party drug’ users. Addiction Research and Theory 2010; 18: 557–571
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peretti-Watel P. Neutralization theory and the denial of risk: Some evidence from cannabis use among French adolescents. The British Journal of Sociology 2003; 54: 21–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rantala K. Recreational drug use of the digital generation: From utopias to reality. Drugs and youth cultures: Global and local expressions, P Lalander, M Salasuo. NAD-publication 46/2001, Helsinki 2005; 185–198
   Google Scholar
• Ravn S. Contested identities: Identity construction in a youth recreational drug culture. European Journal of Cultural Studies 2012; 15: 513–527
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodino M. Breaking out of binaries: Reconceptualizing gender and its relationship to language in computer-mediated communication. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 1997; 3, Retrieved from http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol3/issue3/rodino.html
   Google Scholar
• Roizen R, (1993). Merging Alcohol and Illicit Drugs: A Brief Commentary on the Search for Symbolic Middle Ground Between Licit and Illicit Psychoactive Substances. Presented at the international conference on alcohol and drug treatment systems research, 18–22 October 1993, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Canada
   Google Scholar
• Room R. The dangerousness of drugs. Addiction 2005; 101: 166–168
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rødner Sznitman, S. (2008). Cannabis treatment in Europe, a review. In EMCDDA (Ed.), A cannabis reader: Global Issues and local experiences (Vol. 1, pp. 282–295). Monograph series 8, Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs Addiction.
   Google Scholar
• Sandberg S, (2012a). Is cannabis use normalized, celebrated or neutralized? Analysing talk as action. Addiction Research and Theory, 20, 372–381
   Google Scholar
• Sandberg S, (2012b). Cannabis culture: A stable subculture in a changing world. Criminology & Criminal Justice, Published online 28 May 2012, doi: 10.1177/1748895812445620
   Google Scholar
• Shiner M. Drug use and social change: The distortion of history. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke 2009
   Google Scholar
• Sjö F. Drugs in Swedish club culture: Creating identity and distance to mainstream society. Drugs and youth cultures: Global and local expressions, P Lalander, M Salasuo. NAD-publication 46/2001, Helsinki 2005; 31–46
   Google Scholar
• Skårner A, Donning, Y., & Månsson, S.-A. (2005). Unga och droger - om exponering och navigering i det svenska droglandskapet. Rapport 5, 2005. Stockholm: Mobilisering mot narkotika
   Google Scholar
• Skårner A, Månsson S-A. Young people and drugs: On navigating in the drug landscape. European Journal of Social Work 2008; 11: 105–116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suchman EA. The “hang-loose” ethic and the spirit of drug use. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 1968; 9: 146–155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SR [Sveriges Radio] (2011a). Flashbacks Bjästagräv värdigt Guldspaden. Retrieved from http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=3938&artikel=4282716
   Google Scholar
• SR [Sveriges Radio] (2011b). Årets Medieorm 2011: Flashbackgrävarna som avslöjade Terje Hellsøs bildfusk. Retrieved from http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=3938&artikel=4804948
   Google Scholar
• SvD [Svenska Dagbladet] (2011-09-11). Cannabisbruket fortsätter att öka. Retrieved from http://www.svd.se/nyheter/inrikes/cannabisbruket-fortsatter-att-oka_6460530.svd
   Google Scholar
• Tackett-Gibson, M.A. (2007). Voluntary use, risk and online drug use. In E. Murguía, M.A. Tackett-Gibson, & A. Lessem (Eds.), Real drugs in a virtual world: Drug discourse and community online (pp. 67–82). Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Tackett-Gibson MA. Constructions of risk and harm in online discussions of Ketamine use. Addiction Research and Theory 2008; 16: 245–257
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tops D, (2001). A society with or without drugs? Continuity and change in drug policies in Sweden and the Netherlands (Lund Dissertations in Social Work no. 5). Lund University, Socialhögskolan, Lund
   Google Scholar
• Träskman P-O. Drug control and drug offences in the Nordic countries: A criminal political failure too often interpreted as a success. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention 2004; 5: 236–256
   Google Scholar
• UNODC [United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime]. Sweden's successful drug policy: A review of the evidence. UNODC, Vienna 2007
   Google Scholar
• Walsh C. Drugs, the Internet and change. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 2011; 43: 55–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wax PM. Just a click away: Recreational drug web sites on the Internet. Pediatrics 2002; 109: e96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wetherell M, Potter J. Mapping the language of racism: Discourse and the legitimization of exploitation. Harvester Wheatsheaf, Hemel Heampsted 1992
   Google Scholar
• Wikipedia. Retrieved from http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashback_Forum
   Google Scholar
• Winther Jørgensen M, Phillips L. Diskursanalys i praktiken: Som teori och metod. Studentlitteratur, Lund 1999
   Google Scholar
• Yzer MC, Cappella JN, Fishbein M, Hornik R, Ahern RK. The effectiveness of gateway communications in anti-marijuana campaigns. Journal of Health Communication 2003; 8: 129–143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar