Morphological transformation induced by multiwall carbon nanotubes on Balb/3T3 cell model as an in vitro end point of carcinogenic potential

References

• Aschberger K, Johnston HJ, Stone V, Aitken RJ, Hankin SM, Peters SA, 2010. Review of carbon nanotubes toxicity and exposure-appraisal of human health risk assessment based on open literature. Crit Rev Toxicol 40:759–790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attal S, Thiruvengadathan R, Regev O. 2006. Determination of the concentration of single-walled carbon nanotubes in aqueous dispersions using UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy. Anal Chem 78:8098–8104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balls M, Clothier R. 2010. A FRAME response to the Draft Report on Alternative (Non-animal) Methods for Cosmetics Testing: Current Status and Future Prospects-2010. Altern Lab Anim 38:345–353.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Becker H, Herzberg F, Schulte A, Kolossa-Gehring M. 2011. The carcinogenic potential of nanomaterials, their release from products and options for regulating them. Int J Hyg Environ Health 214:231–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buford MC, Hamilton RF, Holian A. 2007. A comparison of dispersing media for various engineered carbon nanoparticles. Part Fibre Toxicol 4:6–15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calzolai L, Gilliland D, Pascual Garcìa C, Rossi F. 2011. Separation and characterization of gold nanoparticle mixtures by flow-field-flow fractionation. J Chromatogr A 1218:4234–4239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casey A, Herzog E, Davoren M, Lyng FM, Byrne HJ, Chambers G. 2007. Spectroscopic analysis conforms the interactions between single walled carbon annotates and various dyes commonly used to assess cytotoxicity. Carbon 45:1425–1432.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou CC, Hsiao HY, Hong OS, Chun CH, Peng YW, Chen HW, 2008. Single-walled carbon nanotubes can induce pulmonary injury in mouse model. Nano Lett 8:437–445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colognato R, Ponti J, D'Errico MR, Migliore L, Rossi F. 2009. Genotoxicity assays analysis for carbon nanotubes: friends or foes? Preliminary results on human peripheral leukocytes. Int J Environ Health 3:275–284.
   Google Scholar
• Comes Franchini M, Ponti J, Lemor R, Fournelle M, Broggi F, Locatelli E. 2010. Polymeric entrapped thiol-coated gold nanorods: cytotoxicity and suitability as molecular optoacoustic contrast agent. J Mater Chem 20:10908–10914.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Giorgio ML, Di Bucchianico S, Ragnelli AM, Aimola P, Santucci S, Poma A. 2011. Effects of single and multi walled carbon nanotubes on macrophages: cyto and genotoxicity and electron microscopy. Mutat Res 18:20–31.
   Google Scholar
• Di Sotto A, Chiaretti M, Carru GA, Bellucci S, Mazzanti G. 2009. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes: lack of mutagenic activity in the bacterial reverse mutation assay. Toxicol Lett 184:192–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding L, Stilwell J, Zhang T, Elboudwarej O, Jiang H, Selegue JP, 2005. Molecular characterization of the cytotoxic mechanism of multiwall carbon nanotubes and nano-onions on human skin fibroblast. Nano Lett 5:2448–2464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson K, Aitken R, Tran L, Stone V, Duffin R, Forrest G, 2006. Carbon nanotubes: a review of their properties in relation to pulmonary toxicology and workplace safety. Toxicol Sci 92:5–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson K, Murphy FA, Duffin R, Poland CA. 2010. Asbestos, carbon nanotubes and the pleural mesothelium: a review of the hypothesis regarding the role of long fibre retention in the parietal pleura, inflammation and mesothelioma. Part Fibre Toxicol 2010:7–5.
   Google Scholar
• Duffin R, Tran L, Brown D, Stone V, Ken D. 2007. Proinflammogenic effects of low-toxicity and metal nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro: highlighting the role of particle surface area and surface reactivity. Inhal Toxicol 19:849–856.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenoglio I, Greco G, Tomatis M, Muller J, Raymundo-Piñero E, Béguin F, 2008. Structural defects play a major role in the acute lung toxicity of multiwall carbon nanotubes: physicochemical aspects. Chem Res Toxicol 21:1690–1697.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genaidy A, Tolaymat T, Sequeira R, Rinder M, Dionysiou D. 2009. Health effects of exposure to carbon nanofibers: systematic review, critical appraisal, meta analysis and research to practice perspectives. Sci Total Environ 407:3686–3701.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Girifalco L, Hodak M, Lee RS. 2000. Carbon nanotubes, buckyballs, ropes, and a universal graphitic potential. J Phys Rev B 62:13104–13110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesterberg TW, Barrett JC. 1984. Dependence of Asbestos- and mineral dust-induced transformation of mammalian cells in culture on fiber dimension. Cancer Res 44:2170–2180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC. 1987. Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, overall evaluation of carcinogenicity: an updating of IARC monographs vols. 1 to 42. Suppl. 7, p 109.
   Google Scholar
• IARC/NCI/EPA Working-Group. 1985. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of cell transformation and standardization of transformation assays of established cell lines for the prediction of carcinogenic chemicals: overview and recommended protocols. Cancer Res 45:2395–2399.
   Google Scholar
• INTELTEX project web site [Online]http://www.inteltex.eu. Accessed on 12 October 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Isfort RJ, LeBoeuf RA. 1996. Application of in vitro cell transformation assays to predict the carcinogenic potential of chemicals. Mutation Research/Reviews in Genetic Toxicology 365:161–173.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston HJ, Hutchison GR, Christensen FM, Peters S, Hankin S, Aschberger K, 2010. A critical review of the biological mechanisms underlying the in vivo and in vitro toxicity of carbon nanotubes: The contribution of physico-chemical characteristics. Nanotoxicology 4:207–246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JRC Projects web site [Online]http://projects.jrc.ec.europa.eu/jpb_public/act/publicexportworkprogramme.html?objTypeCombo=&actId=188. Accessed on 11 October 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Kam NW, O'Connell M, Wisdom JA, Dai H. 2005. Carbon nanotubes as multifunctional biological transporters and near-infrared agents for selective cancer cell destruction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:11600–11605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerckaert GA, Brauninger R, LeBoeuf RA, Isfort RJ. 1996. Use of the Syrian hamster embryo cell transformation assay for carcinogenicity prediction of chemicals currently being tested by the National Toxicology Program in rodent bioassays. Environ Health Perspect 104:1075–1084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurzepa H, Kyriazis AP, Lang DR. 1984. Growth characteristics of tumors induced by transplantation into athymic mice of BALB/3T3 cells transformed in vitro by residue organics from drinking water. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 5:131–138.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lam CW, James JT, McCluskey R, Hunter RL. 2004. Pulmonary toxicity of single-wall carbon nanotubes in mice 7 and 90 days after intratracheal instillation. Toxicol Sci 77:126–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LANGSRUD web site [Online]http://www.langsrud.com/fisher.htm. Accessed on 11 October 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Lin F, Liu Y, Liu Y, Keshava N, Li S. 2000. Crocidolite induces cell transformation and p53 gene mutation in BALB/c-3T3 cells. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 20:273–281.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lison D, Leen CJ, Thomassen Rabolli V, Gonzalez L, Napierska D, Seo JW, 2008. Nominal and effective dosimetry of silica nanoparticles in cytotoxicity assays. Toxicol Sci 104:155–162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madl AK, Pinkerton KE. 2009. Health effects of inhaled engineered and incidental nanoparticles. Crit Rev Toxicol 39:629–658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma-Hock L, Treumann S, Strauss V, Brill S, Luizi F, Mertler M, 2009. Inhalation toxicity of multiwall carbon nanotubes in rats exposed for 3 months. Toxicol Sci 112:468–481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzotti F, Sabbioni E, Ponti J, Ghiani M, Fortaner S, Rossi GL. 2002. In vitro setting of dose-effect relationships of 32 metal compounds in the Balb/3T3 cell line, as a basis for predicting their carcinogenic potential. ATLA 30:209–217.
   Google Scholar
• Monteiro-Riviere NA, Inman AO, Zhang LW. 2009. Limitations and relative utility of screening assays to assess engineered nanoparticles toxicity in a human cell line. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 234:222–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monteiro-Riviere NA, Nemanich RJ, Inman AO, Wang YY, Riviere JE. 2005. Multi-walled carbon nanotube interactions with human epidermal keratinocytes. Toxicol Lett 15:377–384.
   Google Scholar
• Muller J, Delos M, Panin N, Rabolli V, Huaux F, Lison D. 2009. Absence of carcinogenic response to multiwall carbon nanotubes in a 2-year bioassay in the peritoneal cavity of the rat. Toxicol Sci 110:442–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller J, Huaux F, Fonseca A, Nagy JB, Moreau N, Delos M, 2008. Structural defects play a major role in the acute lung toxicity of multiwall carbon nanotubes: toxicological aspects. Chem Res Toxicol 21:1698–1705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller J, Huaux F, Moreau N, Misson P, Heilier J-F, Delos M, 2005. Respiratory toxicity of multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 207:221–231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagai H, Toyokuni S. 2010. Biopersistent fiber-induced inflammation and carcinogenesis: lessons learned from Asbestos toward safety of fibrous nanomaterials. Arch Biochem Biophys 502:1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nanocyl web site [Online]www.nanocyl.com. Accessed on 18 October 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Oberdörster E. 2004. Manufactured nanomaterials (fullerenes, C60) induce oxidative stress in the brain of juvenile largemouth bass. Environ Health Perspect 112:1058–1062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberdörster G, Maynard A, Donaldson K, Castranova V, Fitzpatrick J, Ausman K, 2005. Principles for characterizing the potential human health effects from exposure to nanomaterials: elements of a screening strategy. Part Fibre Toxicol 2:8–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberdörster G. 2000. Determinants of the pathogenicity of man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF). Int Arch Occup Environ Health 73:60–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD. 1981a. Guideline 451. Carcinogenicity studies (17 pages; adopted 12 May 1981). OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals (1993) Section 4: Health effects. Vol. 2. Paris: Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development.
   Google Scholar
• Poland CA, Duffin R, Kinloch I, Maynard A, Wallace WA, Seaton A, 2008. Carbon nanotubes introduced into the abdominal cavity of mice show Asbestos-like pathogenicity in a pilot study. Nat Nanotechnol 3:423–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponti J, Colognato R, Rauscher H, Gioria S, Broggi F, Franchini F, 2010. Colony Forming Efficiency and microscopy analysis of multi-wall carbon nanotubes cell interaction. Toxicol Lett 197:29–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponti J, Munaro B, Fischbach M, Hoffmann S, Sabbioni E. 2007. An Optimised data analysis for Balb/c 3T3 cell transformation assay and its application to metal compounds. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 20:673–684.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ponti J, Sabbioni E, Munaro B, Broggi F, Marmorato P, Franchini F, 2009. Genotoxicity and morphological transformation induced by cobalt nanoparticles and cobalt chloride: an in vitro study in Balb/3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Mutagenesis 24:439–445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponti J. 2004. In vitro metal toxicology research: a study carried out by Balb/3T3, HaCaT and Caco-2 cell lines: report of research activity [dissertation]. Barcelona (SP): Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Facultat de Ciències, 97pp. T-575 2004 Ponti [Online]. http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/111111111/13708. Accessed on 11 October 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Porter AE, Gass M, Muller K, Skepper JN, Midgley PA, Welland M. 2007. Direct imaging of single-walled carbon nanotubes in cells. Nat Nanotechnol 11:713–717.
   Google Scholar
• Raffa V, Ciofani G, Vittorio O, Riggio C, Cuschieri A. 2010. Physicochemical properties affecting cellular uptake of carbon nanotubes. Nanomedicine 5:89–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regulation (EC) 440/2008 of 30 May 2008 Laying Down Test Methods Pursuant to Regulation (EC) 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). Official Journal of the European Union, 31 May 2008, vol. 51, L142/1–L142/739.
   Google Scholar
• Rivas GA, Rubianes MD, Rodriguez MC, Ferreyra NF, Luque GL, Pedano ML, 2007. Carbon nanotubes for electrochemical biosensing. Talanta 74:291–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotoli BM, Bussolati O, Bianchi MG, Barilli A, Balasubramanian C, Bellucci S, 2008. Non-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes alter the paracellular permeability of human airway epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 5:95–102.
   Google Scholar
• Rotoli BM, Bussolati O, Barilli A, Zanello PP, Bianchi MG, Magrini A, 2009. Airway barrier dysfunction induced by exposure to carbon nanotubes in vitro: which role for fibre length? Hum Exp Toxicol 28:361–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryman-Rasmussen JP, Cesta MF, Brody AR, Shipley-Phillips JK, Everitt JI, Tewksbury EW, 2009. Inhaled carbon nanotubes reach the subpleural tissue in mice. Nat Nanotechnol 4:747–751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saffiotti U, Ahmed N. 1995. Neoplastic transformation by quartz in the BALB/3T3/A31-1-1 cell line and the effects of associated minerals. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 15:339–356.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soto K, Garza KM, Murr LE. 2007. Cytotoxic effects of aggregated nanomaterials. Acta Biomater 3:351–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swierenga SH, Yamasaki H. 1992. Performance of tests for cell transformation and gap-junction intercellular communication for detecting nongenotoxic carcinogenic activity. In: Vainio H, Magee PN, McGregor DB, McMichael AJ, editors. Mechanisms of carcinogenesis in risk identification. Lyon, New York: IARC. pp 165–193.
   Google Scholar
• Takagi A, Hirose A, Nishimura T, Fukumori N, Ogata A, Ohashi N, 2008. Induction of mesothelioma in p53+/- mouse by intraperitoneal application of multi-wall carbon nanotube. J Toxicol Sci 33:105–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teeguarden JG, Hinderliter PM, Orr G, Thrall BD, Pounds JG. 2007. Particokinetics in vitro: dosimetry considerations for in vitro nanoparticle toxicity Assessments. Toxicol Sci 95:300–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thurnherr T, Brandenberger C, Fischer K, Diener L, Manser P, Maeder-Althaus X, 2011. A comparison of acute and long-term effects of industrial multiwalled carbon nanotubes on human lung and immune cells in vitro. Toxicol Lett 200:176–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanparys P, Corvi R, Aardema M, Gribaldo L, Hayashi M, Hoffmann S, 2010. Results of ECVAM prevalidation study of three cell transformation assays. ALTEX 27:267–270.
   Google Scholar
• Walker C, Everitt J, Barrett JCPossible cellular and molecular mechanisms for Asbestos carcinogenicity. 1992. Am J Ind Med 21:253–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar