Optimising the use of commercial LAL assays for the analysis of endotoxin contamination in metal colloids and metal oxide nanoparticles

References

• Bastús NG, Comenge J, Puntes V. 2011. Kinetically controlled seeded growth synthesis of citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles of up to 200 nm: size focusing versus Ostwald ripening. Langmuir 27:11098–105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastús NG, Merkoçi F, Piella J, Puntes V. 2014. Synthesis of highly monodisperse citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles of up to 200 nm: kinetic control and catalytic properties. Chem Mater 26:2836–46
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastús NG, Sánchez-Tilló E, Pujals S, Farrera C, Kogan MJ, Giralt E, et al. 2009. Peptides conjugated to gold nanoparticles induce macrophage activation. Mol Immunol 46:743–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boraschi D, Duschl A. 2012. Immune system. In Fadeel B, Pietroiusti A, Shvedova AA, eds. Adverse Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials. Amsterdam: Academic Press, 169–84
   Google Scholar
• Daniel M-C, Astruc D. 2004. Gold nanoparticles: assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology. Chem Rev 104:293–346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danner RL, Elin R, Hosseini J, Wesley RA, Reilly JM, Parillo JE. 1991. Endotoxemia in human septic shock. Chest 99:169–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobrovolskaia MA, Neun BW, Clogston JD, Ding H, Ljubimova J, McNeil SE. 2010. Ambiguities in applying traditional Limulus amebocyte lysate tests to quantify endotoxin in nanoparticle formulations. Nanomedicine 5:555–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobrovolskaia MA, Germolec DR, Weaver JL. 2009. Evaluation of nanoparticle immunotoxicity. Nat Nanotech 4:411–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobrovolskaia MA, Neun BW, Clogston JD, Grossman JH, McNeil SE. 2013. Choice of method for endotoxin detection depends on nanoformulation. Nanomedicine . [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.2217/nnm.13.157
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FDA. 1987. Guideline on validation of the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate test as an end-product endotoxin test for human and animal parenteral drugs, biological products, and medical devices. Silver Spring (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration
   Google Scholar
• Geraets L, Oomen AG, Schroeter JD, Coleman VA, Cassee FR. 2012. Tissue distribution of inhaled micro-and nano-sized cerium oxide particles in rats: results from a 28-day exposure study. Toxicol Sci 127:463–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gosens I, Post JA, de la Fonteyne L, Jansen EH, Geus JW, Cassee FR, de Jong WH. 2010. Impact of agglomeration state of nano-and submicron sized gold particles on pulmonary inflammation. Part Fibre Toxicol 7:3–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gumprecht RO, Sliepcevich CM. 1953. Scattering of light by large spherical particles. J Phys Chem 57:90–5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harada-Suzuki T, Morita T, Iwanaga S, Nakamura S, Niwa M. 1982. Further studies on the chromogenic substrate assay method for bacterial endotoxins using horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) hemocyte lysate. J Biochem (Tokyo) 92:793–800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain S, Boland S, Baeza-Squiban A, Hamel R, Thomassen LC, Martens JA, et al. 2009. Oxidative stress and proinflammatory effects of carbon black and titanium dioxide nanoparticles: role of particle surface area and internalized amount. Toxicology 260:142–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain S, Vanoirbeek JA, Hoet PH. 2012. Interactions of nanomaterials with the immune system. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 4:169–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ISO. 2010. ISO/FDIS 29701: Nanotechnologies – Endotoxin test on nanomaterial samples for in vitro systems – Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test
   Google Scholar
• Jana NR, Gearheart L, Murphy CJ. 2001. Seeding growth for size control of 5–40 nm diameter gold nanoparticles. Langmuir 17:6782–6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jolivet J, Massart R, Fruchart J. 1983. Synthesis and physicochemical study of non-surfactant magnetic colloids in an aqueous-medium. New J Chem 7:325–31
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JS, Kuk E, Yu KN, Kim JH, Park SJ, Lee HJ, et al. 2007. Antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles. Nanomed Nanotech Biol Med 3:95–101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kucki M, Cavelius C, Kraegeloh A. 2013. Interference of silica nanoparticles with the traditional Limulus amebocyte lysate gel clot assay. Innate Immun 20:327–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieder R, Petersen PH, Sigurjónsson OE. 2013. Endotoxins – the invisible companion in biomaterials research. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 19:391–402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu AH. 2002. Endotoxin exposure in allergy and asthma: reconciling a paradox. J Allergy Clin Immunol 109:379–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu G, Gao J, Ai H, Chen X. 2013. Applications and potential toxicity of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Small 9:1533–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma JS, Kim WJ, Kim JJ, Kim TJ, Ye SK, Song MD, et al. 2010. Gold nanoparticles attenuate LPS-induced NO production through the inhibition of NF-κB and IFN-β/STAT1 pathways in RAW264. 7 cells. Nitric Oxide 23:214–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malyala P, Singh M. 2008. Endotoxin limits in formulations for preclinical research. J Pharm Sci 97:2041–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massart R. 1981. Preparation of aqueous magnetic liquids in alkaline and acidic media. IEEE Trans Magn 17:1247–8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medzhitov R. 2001. Toll-like receptors and innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 1:135–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison D, Ulevitch R. 1978. The effects of bacterial endotoxins on host mediation systems: a review. Am J Pathol 93:526--618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neun BW, Dobrovolskaia MA. 2011. Detection and quantitative evaluation of endotoxin contamination in nanoparticle formulations by LAL-based assays. Methods Mol Biol 697:121–30
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oostingh GJ, Casals E, Italiani P, Colognato R, Stritzinger R, Ponti J, et al. 2011. Problems and challenges in the development and validation of human cell-based assays to determine nanoparticle-induced immunomodulatory effects. Part Fibre Toxicol 8:8. doi:10.1186/1743-8977-8-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perros F, Lambrecht BN, Hammad H. 2011. TLR4 signalling in pulmonary stromal cells is critical for inflammation and immunity in the airways. Respir Res 12:125. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-12-125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfaller T, Puntes V, Casals E, Duschl A, Oostingh GJ. 2009. In vitro investigation of immunomodulatory effects caused by engineered inorganic nanoparticles -- the impact of experimental design and cell choice. Nanotoxicology 3:46–59
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu G, Liu S, Zhang S, Wang L, Wang X, Sun B, et al. 2013. Graphene oxide induces Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent necrosis in macrophages. ACS Nano 7:5732–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sellers H, Ulman A, Shnidman Y, Eilers JE. 1993. Structure and binding of alkanethiolates on gold and silver surfaces: implications for self-assembled monolayers. J Am Chem Soc 115:9389–401
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smulders S, Kaiser JP, Zuin S, Van Landuyt KL, Golanski L, Vanoirbeek J, et al. 2012. Contamination of nanoparticles by endotoxin: evaluation of different test methods. Part Fibre Toxicol 9:41. doi:10.1186/1743-8977-9-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperling R, Parak W. 2010. Surface modification, functionalization and bioconjugation of colloidal inorganic nanoparticles. Phil Trans R Soc A 368:1333–83
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperling RA, Gil PR, Zhang F, Zanella M, Parak WJ. 2008. Biological applications of gold nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 37:1896–908
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turkevich J, Stevenson PC, Hillier J. 1955. A study of the nucleation and growth processes in the synthesis of colloidal gold. Discuss Faraday Soc 11:55–75
   Google Scholar
• Twohy CW, Duran AP, Munson TE. 1984. Endotoxin contamination of parenteral drugs and radiopharmaceuticals as determined by the Limulus amebocyte lysate method. J Parenter Sci Technol 38:190–201
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• USP. 2005. Chapter 85: Bacterial endotoxins test. United States Pharmacopeia. Rockville: United States Pharmacopeial Convention
   Google Scholar
• Vallhov H, Qin J, Johansson SM, Ahlborg N, Muhammed MA, Scheynius A, Gabrielsson S. 2006. The importance of an endotoxin-free environment during the production of nanoparticles used in medical applications. Nano Lett 6:1682–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yazdi AS, Guarda G, Riteau N, Drexler SK, Tardivel A, Couillin I, Tschopp J. 2010. Nanoparticles activate the NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (Nlrp3) inflammasome and cause pulmonary inflammation through release of IL-1α and IL-1β. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:19449–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar