17,589
Views
68
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Knee

Guideline on anterior cruciate ligament injury

A multidisciplinary review by the Dutch Orthopaedic Association

, , , , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 379-386 | Received 27 Feb 2012, Accepted 15 Apr 2012, Published online: 20 Aug 2012

  • Andersson D, Samuelsson K, Karlsson J. Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries with special reference to surgical technique and rehabilitation: an assessment of randomized controlled trials. Arthroscopy 2009; 25 (6):653–85.
  • Barber FA, Elrod BF, McGuire DA, Paulos LE. Is an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction outcome age dependent? Arthroscopy 1996; 12: 720-5.
  • Benjaminse A, Gokeler A, Schans C P van der. Clinical diagnosis of an anterior cruciate ligament rupture: a meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2006; 36: 267-88.
  • J Jr, HJr, BrandWeiler A, Caborn DN, Brown CJohnson DL. Graft fixation in cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 2000; 28 (5): 761–74.
  • Briggs KK, Lysholm J, Tegner Y, Rodkey WG, Kocher MS, Steadman JR. The reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Lysholm score and Tegner activity scale for anterior cruciate ligament injuries of the knee: 25 years later. Am J Sports Med 2009; 37: 890-7.
  • Carey JL, Dunn WR, Dahm DL, Zeger SL, Spindler KP. A systematic review of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with autograft compared with allograft. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 2009; 91 (9): 2242–50.
  • Church S. Keating JF. Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: timing of surgery and the incidence of meniscal tears and degenerative change. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 2005; 87 (12): 1639–42.
  • Cooper RL, Taylor NF, Feller JA. A systematic review of the effect of proprioceptive and balance exercises on people with an injured or reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament. Res Sports Med 2005; 13 (2): 163–78.
  • Crawford R, Walley G, Bridgman S, Maffulli N. Magnetic resonance imaging versus arthroscopy in the diagnosis of knee pathology, concentrating on meniscal lesions and ACL tears: a systematic review. Br Med Bull 2007; 84: 5-23.
  • Daniel DM, Fithian DC. Indications for ACL surgery. Arthroscopy 1994; 10 (4): 434–41.
  • Dauty M, Tortellier L, Rochcongar P. Isokinetic and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstrings or patella tendon graft: analysis of literature. Int J Sports Med 2005; 26 (7): 599–606.
  • de Groot, IB, Favejee, MM, Reijman M, Verhaar J AN Terwee CB. The Dutch version of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score: a validation study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2008;26 (6): 16.
  • Drogset JO, Grontvedt T. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with and without a ligament augmentation device : results at 8-Year follow-up. Am J Sports Med 2002; 30 (6): 851–6.
  • Dunn WR, Lyman S, Lincoln AE, Amoroso PJ, Wickiewicz T, Marx RG. The effect of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on the risk of knee reinjury. Am J Sports Med 2004; 32 (8): 1906–14.
  • Eitzen I, Holm I, Risberg MA. Preoperative quadriceps strength is a significant predictor of knee function two years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Br J Sports Med 2009; 43 (5): 371–6.
  • Ejerhed L, Kartus J, Köhler K, Sernert N, Brandsson S, Karlsson J. Preconditioning patellar tendon autografts in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective randomized study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2001; 9 (1): 6–11.
  • Engebretsen L, Benum P, Sundalsvoll S. Primary suture of the anterior cruciate ligament. A 6-year follow-up of 74 cases. Acta Orthop Scand 1989; 60 (5): 561–4.
  • Engstrom B, Wredmark T, Westblad P. Patellar tendon or Leeds-Keio graft in the surgical treatment of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures. Intermediate results. Clin Orthop 1993; (295): 190-7.
  • Ferrari J D, Bach B R. Isolated anterior cruciate ligament injury. In: Chapman M W, ed. Chapman’s Orthopedic Surgery 2001; Philadelphia:Pa: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins2347–59.
  • Fink C, Hoser C, Hackl W, Navarro RA, Benedetto KP. Long-term outcome of operative or nonoperative treatment of anterior cruciate ligament rupture--is sports activity a determining variable? Int J Sports Med 2001; 22 (4): 304–9.
  • Fithian DC, Paxton EW, Stone ML, Luetzow WF, Csintalan RP, Phelan D, Daniel DM. Prospective trial of a treatment algorithm for the management of the anterior cruciate ligament-injured knee. Am J Sports Med 2005; 33 (3): 335–46.
  • Fitzgerald GK, Axe MJ, Snyder-Mackler L. The efficacy of perturbation training in nonoperative anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation programs for physical active individuals. Phys Ther 2000; 80 (2): 128–40.
  • Forster MC, Forster IW. Patellar tendon or four-strand hamstring? A systematic review of autografts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee 2005; 12 (3): 225–30.
  • Foster A, Butcher C, Turner PG. Changes in arthroscopic findings in the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee prior to reconstructive surgery. Knee 2005; 12 (1): 33–5.
  • Freedman KB, D’Amato MJ, Nedeff DD, Kaz A, Bach B, R Jr. Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a metaanalysis comparing patellar tendon and hamstring tendon autografts. Am J Sports Med 2003; 31 (1):2–11.
  • Gelb HJ, Glasgow SG, Sapega AA, Torg JS. Magnetic resonance imaging of knee disorders. Clinical value and cost-effectiveness in a sports medicine practice. Am J Sports Med 1996; 24 (1): 99–103.
  • Goldblatt JP, Fitzsimmons SE, Balk E, Richmond JC. Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: meta-analysis of patellar tendon versus hamstring tendon autograft. Arthroscopy 2005; 21 (7): 791–803.
  • Gorschewsky O, Klakow A, Riechert K, Pitzl M, Becker R. Clinical comparison of the Tutoplast allograft and autologous patellar tendon (bone-patellar tendon-bone) for the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: 2- and 6-year results. Am J Sports Med 2005; 33 (8): 1202–9.
  • Granan LP, Bahr R, Lie SA, Engebretsen L. Timing of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructive surgery and risk of cartilage lesions and meniscal tears: a cohort study based on the Norwegian National Knee Ligament Registry. Am J Sports Med 2009; 37 (5): 955–61.
  • Gregory T. Landreau P. Meniscus and cartilaginous lesions. Influence of the delay between ACL injury and ligament reconstruction in 40-year-old patients. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 2008; 94 (6): 566–72.
  • Grontvedt T, Engebretsen L, Bredland T. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts with and without augmentation. A prospective randomised study. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 1996; 78 (5): 817–22.
  • Harvey A, Thomas NP, Amis AA. Fixation of the graft in reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 2005; 87 (5): 593–603.
  • Haverkamp D, Sierevelt IN, Breugem S JM, Lohuis K, Blankevoort L, van Dijk CN. Translation and validation of the Dutch version of the International Knee Documentation. Am J Sports Med 2006; 34 (10): 1680–4.
  • Heijne A, Werner S. Early versus late start of open kinetic chain quadriceps exercises after ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon or hamstring grafts: a prospective randomized outcome study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2007; 15 (4): 402–14.
  • Heijne A, Ang BO, Werner S. Predictive factors for 12-month outcome after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2008;5: (e-pub)
  • Irrgang JJ, Anderson AF, Boland AL, Harner CD, Kurosaka M, Neyret P, Richmond JC, Shelborne KD. Development and validation of the international knee documentation committee subjective knee form. Am J Sports Med 2001; 29: 600-13.
  • Järvelä T, Nyyssönen M, Kannus P, Paakkala T, Järvinen M. Bone- patellar tendon-bone reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. A long-term comparison of early and late repair. Int Orthop 1999; 23 (4): 227–31.
  • Jong S N de, Caspel D R van, Haeff M J van, Saris DB. Functional assessment and muscle strength before and after reconstruction of chronic anterior cruciate ligament lesions. Arthroscopy 2007; 23 (1): 21–8, 28.
  • Joseph C, Pathak SS, Aravinda M, Rajan D. Is ACL reconstruction only for athletes? A study of the incidence of meniscal and cartilage injuries in an ACL- deficient athlete and non-athlete population: an Indian experience. Int Orthop 2008; 32 (1): 57–61.
  • Kim SG, Kurosawa H, Sakuraba K, Ikeda H, Takazawa S, Seto H, Ishijima M. Analysis of the risk factors regarding anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using multiple-looped semitendinosus tendon. Knee 2005; 12 (5): 366–9.
  • Kocabey Y, Tetik O, Isbell WM, Atay OA, Johnson DL. The value of clinical examination versus magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of meniscal tears and anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Arthroscopy 2004; 20 (7): 696–700.
  • Kondo E, Yasuda K, Azuma H, Tanabe Y, Yagi T. Prospective clinical comparisons of anatomic double-bundle versus single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction procedures in 328 consecutive patients. Am J Sports Med 2008; 36 (9):1675-87.
  • Kowalchuk, DA, Harner CD, Fu FH, Irrgang JJ. Prediction of patient- reported outcome after single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 2009; 25 (5): 457-63.
  • Krych AJ, Jackson JD, Hoskin, TL, Dahm DL. A meta-analysis of patellar tendon autograft versus patellar tendon allograft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 2008; 24 (3): 292–8.
  • Liu SH, Osti L, Henry M, Bocchi L. The diagnosis of acute complete tears of the anterior cruciate ligament. Comparison of MRI, arthrometry and clinical examination. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 1995; 77 (4): 586–8.
  • Mauro CS, Irrgang JJ, Williams BA, Harner CD. Loss of extension following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: analysis of incidence and etiology using IKDC criteria. Arthroscopy 2008; 24 (2): 146–53.
  • Meredick RB, Vance KJ, Appleby D, Lubowitz JH. Outcome of single-bundle versus double-bundle reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: a meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med 2008; 36 (7): 1414–21.
  • Meuffels DE, Favejee M, Vissers M, Heijboer R, Reijman M, Verhaar J. Ten year follow-up study comparing conservative versus operative treatment of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures. A matched control study. Br J Sports Med 2009; 43: 347-51.
  • Meuffels DE, Reijman M, Scholten RJ, Verhaar JA. Computer assisted surgery for knee ligament reconstruction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;15(6):CD007601.
  • Meunier A, Odensten M, Good L. Long-term results after primary repair or non-surgical treatment of anterior cruciate ligament rupture: a randomized study with a 15-year follow-up. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2007; 17 (3): 230–7.
  • Muren O, Dahlstedt L, Dalen N. Reconstruction of acute anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a prospective, randomised study of 40 patients with 7-year follow- up. No advantage of synthetic augmentation compared to a traditional patellar tendon graft. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2003; 123 (4): 144–7.
  • Oei EH, Nikken JJ, Verstijnen AC, Ginai AZ, Hunink MG. MR imaging of the menisci and cruciate ligaments: a systematic review. Radiology 2003; 226: 837-48.
  • Ohly NE, Murray IR, Keating JF. Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: timing of surgery and the incidence of meniscal tears and degenerative change. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 2007; 89 (8): 1051–4.
  • Papastergiou SG, Koukoulias NE, Mikalef P, Ziogas E, Voulgaropoulos H. Meniscal tears in the ACL-deficient knee: correlation between meniscal tears 58 and the timing of ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2007; 15 (12): 1438–44.
  • Perry MC, Morrissey MC, King JB, Morrissey D, Earnshaw P. Effects of closed versus open kinetic chain knee extensor resistance training on knee laxity and leg function in patients during the 8- to 14-week post-operative period after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2005; 13 (5): 357–69.
  • Prodromos CC, Joyce BT, Shi K, Keller BL. A meta-analysis of stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction as a function of hamstring versus patellar tendon graft and fixation type. Arthroscopy 2005; 21: 1202.
  • Rappe M, Horodyski M, Meister K, Indelicato PA. Nonirradiated versus irradiated Achilles allograft: in vivo failure comparison. Am J Sports Med 2007; 35 (10): 1653–8.
  • Risberg MA, Holm I, Myklebust G, Engebretsen L. Neuromuscular training versus strength training during first 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized clinical trial. Physical Therapy 2007; 87 (6): 737–50.
  • Roos EM, Roos HP, Lohmander LS, Ekdahl C, Beynnon BD. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)--development of a self- administered outcome measure. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1998; 28: 88-96.
  • Salmon L, Russell V, Musgrove T, Pinczewski L, Refshauge K. Incidence and risk factors for graft rupture and contralateral rupture after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 2005; 21 (8): 948–57.
  • Scholten R J PM, Opstelten W, Plas C G van der, Bijl D, Deville W L JM, Bouter, LM. Accuracy of physical diagnostic tests for assessing ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament: a meta-analysis. J Fam Pract 2003; 52: 689-94.
  • Schultz WR, Carr CF. Comparison of clinical outcomes of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: autogenous patellar tendon and hamstring grafts. Am J Orthop 2002; 31 (11): 613–20.
  • Seon JK, Song EK, Park SJ. Osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a patellar tendon autograft. Int Orthop 2006; 30 (2): 94-8.
  • Seon JK, Park SJ, Lee KB, Yoon TR, Seo HY, Song EK. Stability comparison of anterior cruciate ligament between double- and single-bundle reconstructions. Int Orthop 2009; 33 (2): 425–9.
  • Siebold R, Zantop T. Anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction: a call for indications. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2008; 17 (3): 211–2.
  • Slauterbeck JR, Kousa P, Clifton BC, Naud S, Tourville TW, Johnson RJ, Beynnon BD. Geographic mapping of meniscus and cartilage lesions associated with anterior cruciate ligament injuries. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 2009; 91 (9): 2094–103.
  • Sloane PA, Brazier H, Murphy AW, Collins T. Evidence based medicine in clinical practice: how to advise patients on the influence of age on the outcome of surgical anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a review of the literature. Br J Sports Med 2002; 36 (3): 200–3.
  • Solomon DH, Simel DL, Bates DW, Katz JN, Schaffer JL. The rational clinical examination. Does this patient have a torn meniscus or ligament of the knee? Value of the physical examination. JAMA 2001; 286: 1610-20.
  • Streich NA, Friedrich K, Gotterbarm T, Schmitt H. Reconstruction of the ACL with a semitendinosus tendon graft: a prospective randomized single blinded comparison of double-bundle versus single-bundle technique in male athletes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2008; 16 (3): 232–8.
  • Sun K, Tian SQ, Zhang JH, Xia CS, Zhang, CL, Yu TB. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with BPTB autograft, irradiated versus non- irradiated allograft: a prospective randomized clinical study. Knee Surg Sports Trauma Arthrosc 2009; 17 (5): 464–74.
  • Swirtun LR, Jansson A, Renstrom P. The effects of a functional knee brace during early treatment of patients with a nonoperated acute anterior cruciate ligament tear: a prospective randomized study. Clin J Sport Med 2005; 15 (5): 299–304.
  • Tagesson S, Oberg B, Good L, Kvist J. A comprehensive rehabilitation program with quadriceps strengthening in closed versus open kinetic chain exercise in patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency: a randomized clinical trial evaluating dynamic tibial translation and muscle function. Am J Sports Med 2008; 36 (2): 298–307.
  • Tayton E, Verma R, Higgins B, Gosal H. A correlation of time with meniscal tears in anterior cruciate ligament deficiency: stratifying the risk of surgical delay. Knee Surg Sports Trauma Arthrosc 2009; 17 (1): 30–4.
  • Thompson J, Harris M, Grana, WA. Patellofemoral pain and functional outcome after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: an analysis of the literature. Am J Orthop 2005; 34 (8): 396–9.
  • Trees AH, Howe TE, Dixon J, White L. Exercise for treating isolated anterior cruciate ligament injuries in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;(4):CD005316.
  • Trees AH, Howe TE, Grant M, Gray HG. Exercise for treating anterior cruciate ligament injuries in combination with collateral ligament and 64 meniscal damage of the knee in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(3):CD005961.
  • Tsuda E, Ishibashi Y, Fukuda A, Tsukada H, Toh S. Comparable results between lateralized single- and double-bundle ACL reconstructions. Clin Orthop 2009; 467 (4): 1042–55.
  • Vasara AI, Jurvelin JS, Peterson L, Kiviranta I. Arthroscopic cartilage indentation and cartilage lesions of anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees. Am J Sports Med 2005; 33 (3): 408–14.
  • Wang JQ, Ao YF, Yu CL, Liu P, Xu Y, Chen LX. Clinical evaluation of double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction procedure using hamstring tendon grafts: a prospective, randomized and controlled study. Chin Med J (Engl) 2009;122 (6): 706–11.
  • Williams R J III, Wickiewicz TL, Warren RF. Management of unicompartmental arthritis in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. Am J Sports Med 2000; 28 (5): 749–60.
  • Wright RW, Fetzer GB. Bracing after ACL reconstruction: a systematic review. Clin Orthop 2007; (455): 162-8.
  • Wright RW, Preston E, Fleming BC, Amendola A, Andrish JT, Bergfeld JA, Dunn WR, Kaeding C, Kuhn JE, Marx RG, McCarty EC, Parker RC, Spindler KP, Wolcott M, Wolf BR, Williams GN. A systematic review of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation: part II: open versus closed kinetic chain exercises, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, accelerated rehabilitation, and miscellaneous topics. J Knee Surg 2008; 21 (3): 225–34.
  • Zatterstrom R, Friden, T, Lindstrand A, Moritz U. Early rehabilitation of acute anterior cruciate ligament injury--a randomized clinical trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1998; 8 (3): 154–9.
  • Zatterstrom R, Friden T, Lindstrand A, Moritz U. Rehabilitation following acute anterior cruciate ligament injuries--a 12-month follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2000; 10 (3): 156–63.