Childhood obesity: current definitions and recommendations for their use

References

• World Health Organization. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry: report of a WHO Expert Committee. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 854, WHO: Geneva; 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Rolland-Cachera MF, Sempé M, Guilloud-Bataille M, Patois E, Péquignot-Guggenbuhl F, Fautrad V. Adiposity indices in children. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982;36:178–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poskitt EM. Defining childhood obesity: the relative body mass index (BMI). European Childhood Obesity Group. Acta Paediatr. 1995;84:961–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolland-Cachera MF, Cole TJ, Sempé M, Tichet J, Rossignol C, Charraud A. Body Mass Index variations: centiles from birth to 87 years. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1991;45:13–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Childhood Obesity Group. Available at: http://www.ecog-obesity.eu/index.php?a=science. Accessed June 16, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Guo SS, Wei R . CDC growth charts: United States. Adv Data. 2000;314:1–27.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. WHO Child Growth. Standards based on length/height, weight and age. Acta Paediatr (Suppl). 2006;450:76–85.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi E, Siyam A, Nishida C, Siekmann J. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull WHO. 2007;85:660–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolland-Cachera MF, Deheeger M, Bellisle F, Sempé M, Guilloud-Bataille M, Patois E. Adiposity rebound in children: a simple indicator for predicting obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984;39:129–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ. 2000;320:1240–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole TJ, Flegal KM, Nicholls D, Jackson AA. Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents: international survey. BMJ. 2007;335:194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogden CL, Flegal KM. Changes in terminology for childhood overweight and obesity. Natl Health Stat Report. 2010;25:1–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rolland-Cachera MF, Castetbon K, Arnault N, Bellisle F, Romano MC, Lehingue Y . Body mass index in 7–9-y-old French children: frequency of obesity, overweight and thinness. Int J Obes. 2002;26:1610–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehingue Y. The European Childhood Obesity Group (ECOG) project: the European collaborative study on the prevalence of obesity in children. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70:166S–8S.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salanave B, Péneau S, Rolland-Cachera MF, Hercberg S, Castetbon K. Survey protocol based on protocol proposed by the European Childhood Obesity Group (ECOG). Available at: http://www.ecog-obesity.eu/files/ECOG%20Prevalence%20Protocol%20%28English%20version%29.pdf. Accessed June 16, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Lobstein T, Frelut ML. Prevalence of overweight among children in Europe. Obes Rev. 2003;4:195–200.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matusik P, Malecka-Tendera E, Klimek K. Polish Childhood Obesity Study Group. Nutritional state of Polish prepubertal children assessed by population-specific and international standards. Acta Paediatr. 2007;96:276–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monasta L, Lobstein T, Cole TJ, Vignerová J, Cattaneo A. Defining overweight and obesity in pre-school children: IOTF reference or WHO standard? Obes Rev. 2011;12:295–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flegal KM, Ogden CL, Wei R, Kuczmarski RL, Johnson CL. Prevalence of overweight in US children: comparison of US growth charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with other reference values for body mass index. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73:1086–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Assis MA, Rolland-Cachera MF, Grosseman S, de Vasconcelos FA, Luna ME, Calvo MC . Obesity, overweight and thinness in schoolchildren of the city of Florianópolis, Southern Brazil. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005;59:1015–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shields M, Tremblay MS. Canadian childhood obesity estimates based on WHO, IOTF and CDC cut-points. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2010;5:265–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shan XY, Xi B, Cheng H, Hou DQ, Wang Y, Mi J. Prevalence and behavioral risk factors of overweight and obesity among children aged 2–18 in Beijing, China. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2010;5:383–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO Anthro (version 3.2.2, January 2011) and macros: Software for assessing growth and development of the world’s children. Geneva: WHO, 2011. Available at: http://www.who.int/childgrowth/software/en/. Accessed June 16, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Barker DJ, Osmond C, Forsén TJ, Kajantie E, Eriksson JG. Trajectories of growth among children who have coronary events as adults. N Engl J Med. 2005;353: 1802–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Péneau S, Thibault H, Rolland-Cachera MF. Massively obese adolescents are normal weight at the age of adiposity rebound. Obesity. 2009;17(7):1309–10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salanave B, Peneau S, Rolland-Cachera MF, Hercberg S, Castetbon K. Stabilization of overweight prevalence in French children between 2000 and 2007. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2009;4:66–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietrobelli A, Faith AS, Allison DB, Gallagher D, Chiumello G, Heymsfield SB. Body mass index as a measure of adiposity among children and adolescents: a validation study. J Pediatr. 1998;132:204–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goran MI. Visceral fat in prepubertal children: influence of obesity, anthropometry, ethnicity, gender, diet, and growth. Am J Hum Biol. 1999;11:201–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pecoraro P, Guida B, Caroli M, Trio R, Falconi C, Principato S . Body mass index and skinfold thickness versus bioimpedance analysis: fat mass prediction in children. Acta Diabetol. 2003;40(Suppl. 1):S278–81.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R. Anthropometric Standardization. Reference Manual. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books; 1988.
   Google Scholar