321
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Longitudinal changes in phonological whole-word measures in 2-year-olds

&
Pages 351-362 | Published online: 23 Apr 2012

References

  • Baker, E., Munro, N., McGregor, K., Docking, K., & Arciuli, J. (2010, November). A new tool for assessing toddlers’ productions of polysyllabic words. Poster session presented at the American Speech Language and Hearing Association National Convention, Philadelphia, PA.
  • Barlow J. (2002). Prologue: Recent advances in phonological theory and treatment. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 32, 225–228.
  • Brown R. (1973). A first language: The early stages. Cambridge, Ma: Harvard University Press.
  • Bunta, F., Fabiano-Smith, L., Goldstein, B., & Ingram, D. (2009). Phonological whole-word measures in 3-year-old bilingual children and their age-matched monolingual peers. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 23, 156–175.
  • Dobrich, W., & Scarborough, H. S. (1992). Phonological characteristics of words young children try to say. Journal of Child Language, 19, 597–616.
  • Fenson, L., Marchman, V., Thal, D., Dale, P., Reznick, S., & Bates, E. (2006). The MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories: User's guide and technical manual (2nd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
  • Ferguson, C. A., & Farwell, C. B. (1975). Words and sounds in early language acquisition. Language, 51, 419–439.
  • Flipsen, P., Hammer, J. B., & Yost, K. M. (2005). Measuring severity of involvement in speech delay: segmental and whole-word measures. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 14, 293–312.
  • Gierut, J. (2007). Phonological complexity and language learnability. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 16, 6–17.
  • Grunwell P. (1982). Clinical phonology. London: Croom Helm.
  • Hodson, B. W., & Paden, E. P. (1981). Targeting intelligible speech. San Diego, VA: College-Hill Press.
  • Ingram D. (1976). Phonological disability in children. New York: Elsevier.
  • Ingram D. (1979). Phonological development: Productions. In P. Fletcher, & M. Garman (Eds.), Language acquisition (2nded.) (pp. 223–239). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ingram, D. (2002). The measurement of whole-word productions. Journal of Child Language, 29, 713–733.
  • Ingram, D., & Ingram, K. D. (2001). A whole-word approach to phonological analysis and intervention. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in the Schools, 32, 271–283.
  • Jakielski, K., Maytasse, R., & Doyle, E. (2006). Acquisition of phonetic complexity in children 12 - 36 months of age. Poster session presented at the convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Miami, FL.
  • Macken, M. (1979). Permitted complexity in phonological development: One child's acquisition of Spanish consonants. Lingua, 44, 219–253.
  • Maekawa, J., & Storkel, H. L. (2006). Individual differences in the influence of phonological characteristics on expressive vocabulary development by young children. Journal of Child Language, 33, 439–450.
  • McCune, L., & Vihman, M. M. (2001). Early phonetic and lexical development: A productivity approach. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 44, 670–684.
  • McIntosh, B., & Dodd, B. J. (2008). Two-year-olds’ phonological acquisition: Normative data. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 10, 460–469.
  • McLeod S. & Hewett, S. R. (2008). Variability in the production of words containing consonant clusters by typical two- and three-year-old children. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 60, 163–172.
  • McLeod, S., van Doorn, J., & Reed, V. A. (2001a). Normal acquisition of consonant clusters. American Journal of Speech Language Pathology, 10, 99–110.
  • McLeod, S., van Doorn, J., & Reed, V. A. (2001b). Consonant cluster development in two-year-olds: General trends and individual difference. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 44, 1144–1171.
  • Saaristo-Helin, K. (2009). Measuring phonological development: A follow-up study of five children acquiring Finnish. Language and Speech, 52, 55–77.
  • Saaristo-Helin, K., Savinainen-Makkonen, T., & Kunnari, S. (2006). The phonological mean length of utterance: Methodological challenges from a crosslinguistic perspective. Journal of Child Language, 33, 179–190.
  • Schwartz, R., & Leonard, L. (1982). Do children pick and choose? An examination of phonological selection and avoidance in early lexical acquisition. Journal of Child Language, 9, 319–336.
  • Smit, A., Hand, L., Freilinger, J., Bernthal, J., & Bird, A. (1990). The Iowa articulation norms project and its Nebraska replication. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 55, 779–778.
  • SPSS Inc. (2009). PASW 18 for Windows. SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL.
  • Stoel-Gammon, C. (1985). Phonetic inventories, 15 - 24 months: a longitudinal study. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 28, 505–512.
  • Stoel-Gammon, C. (2010). The word complexity measure: Description and application to developmental phonology and disorders. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 24, 271–282.
  • Storkel H. L. (2001). Learning new words: Phonotactic probability in language development, Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 44, 1321–1337.
  • Storkel H. L. (2004). Methods for minimizing the confounding effects of word length in the analysis of phonotactic probability and neighborhood density. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 47, 1454–1468.
  • Storkel, H. L. (2009). Developmental differences in the effects of phonological, lexical and semantic variables on word learning by infants. Journal of Child Language, 36, 292–321.
  • Taelman, H., Durieux, G., & Gillis, S. (2005). Notes on Ingram's whole-word measures for phonological development. Journal of Child Language, 32, 391–405.
  • Tyler, A., & Lewis, K. E. (2005). Relationships among consistency/variability and other phonological measures over time. Topics in Language Disorders, 25, 243–253.
  • Velleman S. L., & Vihman, M. M. (2002). Whole-word phonology and templates: Trap, bootstrap, or some of each? Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in the Schools, 33, 9–23.
  • Vihman M. M. (2004). Early phonological development. In J. E. Bernthal, & N. W. Bankson (Eds.), Articulation and phonological disorders (5thed.) (pp. 63–112). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Vogel Sosa, A., & Stoel-Gammon, C. (2006). Patterns of intra-word phonological variability during the second year of life. Journal of Child Language, 33, 31–50.
  • Waterson, N. (1971). Child phonology: A prosodic view. Journal of Linguistics, 7, 179–211.
  • Waterson, N. (1978). Growth of complexity in phonological development. In N. Waterson, & C. Snow (Eds.), The development of communication. New York: Wiley.
  • Watson, M., & Scukanec, G. (1997a).The phonological skills of two-year-olds: a longitudinal investigation. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 13, 3–14.
  • Watson, M., & Scukanec, G. (1997b). Phonological changes in the speech of two-year-olds. Infant-Toddler Intervention, 7, 67–78.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.