Polyelectrolyte complexes: mechanisms, critical experimental aspects, and applications

References

• Amaduzzi F, Bomboi F, Bonincontro A, Bordi F, Casciardi S, Chronopoulou L, et al. 2014. Chitosan–DNA complexes: charge inversion and DNA condensation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 114:1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anitha A, Deepagan VG, Divya Rani VV, Menon D, Nair SV, Jayakumar R. 2011. Preparation, characterization, in vitro drug release and biological studies of curcumin loaded dextran sulphate–chitosan nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym. 84:1158–1164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ankerfors C, Ondaral S, Wagberg L, Odberg L. 2010. Using jet mixing to prepare polyelectrolyte complexes: complex properties and their interaction with silicon oxide surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci. 351:88–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger J, Reist M, Mayer JM, Felt O, Gurny R. 2004. Structure and interactions in chitosan hydrogels formed by complexation or aggregation for biomedical applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 57:35–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boeris V, Farruggia B, Nerlia B, Romanini D, Pico G. 2007. Protein-flexible chain polymer interactions to explain protein partition in aqueous two-phase systems and the protein-polyelectrolyte complex formation. Int J Biol Macromol. 41:286–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borbely J, Hajdu I, Bodnar M, Denyicska IS. Novel targeted paramagnetic contrast agent. US Patent 2013; US 2013/0302255 A1.
   Google Scholar
• Bui L, Abbou S, Ibarboure E, Guidolin N, Staedel C, Toulme JJ, et al. 2012. Encapsidation of RNA polyelectrolyte complexes with amphiphilic block copolymers: toward a new self-assembly route. J Am Chem Soc. 134:20189–20196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceccaldi C, Bushkalova R, Alfarano C, Lairez O, Calise D, Bourin P, et al. 2014. Evaluation of polyelectrolyte complex-based scaffolds for mesenchymal stem cell therapy in cardiac ischemia treatment. Acta Biomater. 10:901–911.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cegnar M, Miklavzin A, Kerc J. 2011. Freeze-drying and release characteristics of polyelectrolyte nanocarriers for the mucosal delivery of ovalbumin. Acta Chim Slov. 58:241–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang HH, Wang YL, Chiang YC, Chen YL, Chuang YH, Tsai SJ, et al. 2014. A novel chitosan-γ PGA polyelectrolyte complex hydrogel promotes early new bone formation in the alveolar socket following tooth extraction. PLoS One. 9:e92362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng WP, Thompson C, Ryan SM, Aguirre T, Tetley L, Brayden DJ. 2010. In vitro and in vivo characterisation of a novel peptide delivery system: amphiphilic polyelectrolyte–salmon calcitonin nanocomplexes. J Control Release. 147:289–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cifani N, Chronopoulou L, Pompili B, Martino AD, Bordi F, Sennato S, et al. 2015. Improved stability and efficacy of chitosan/pDNA complexes for gene delivery. Biotechnol Lett. 37:557–565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coimbra P, Alves P, Valente TA, Santos R, Correia IJ, Ferreira P. 2011a. Sodium hyaluronate/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex scaffolds for dental pulp regeneration: synthesis and characterization. Int J Biol Macromol. 49:573–579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coimbra P, Ferreira P, de Sousa HC, Batista P, Rodrigues MA, Correia IJ, et al. 2011b. Preparation and chemical and biological characterization of a pectin/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex scaffold for possible bone tissue engineering applications. Int J Biol Macromol. 48:112–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costalat M, Alcouffe P, David L, Delair T. 2014. Controlling the complexation of polysaccharides into multi-functional colloidal assemblies for nanomedicine. J Colloid Interface Sci. 430:147–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csaba N, Garcia-Fuentes M, Alonso MJ. 2009. Nanoparticles for nasal vaccination. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 61:140–157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dautzenberg H. 1997. Polyelectrolyte complex formation in highly aggregating systems. 1. Effect of salt: polyelectrolyte complex formation in the presence of NaCl. Macromolecules. 30:7810–7815.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dautzenberg H, Kriz J. 2003. Response of polyelectrolyte complexes to subsequent addition of salts with different cations. Langmuir. 19:5204–5211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dautzenberg H, Linow KJ, Philipp B. 1982. Anionic to form water-soluble polysalts (symplexes) and cationic copolymers of acrylamide. Acta Polymerica. 33:619–623.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delair T. 2011. Colloidal polyelectrolyte complexes of chitosan and dextran sulfate towards versatile nanocarriers of bioactive molecules. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 78:10–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuda H, Kikuchi Y. 1977. Polyelectrolyte complexes of sodium dextran sulfate with chitosan. Macromol Chem Phys. 178:2895.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giannotti MI, Sanz CF, Schwartz NS. Polyelectrolyte complex, process for its manufacturing and use thereof. World Patent 2012; WO 2012085888 A2.
   Google Scholar
• Goncalves RM, Antunes JC, Barbosa MA. 2012. Mesenchymal stem cell recruitment by stromal derived factor-1-delivery systems based on chitosan/poly(γ-glutamic acid) polyelectrolyte complexes. Eur Cell Mater. 23:249–261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gucht J, Spruijt E, Lemmers M, Stuart MAC. 2011. Polyelectrolyte complexes: bulk phases and colloidal systems. J Colloid Interface Sci. 361:407–422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho YC, Mi FL, Sung HW, Kuo PL. 2009. Heparin-functionalized chitosan-alginate scaffolds for controlled release of growth factor. Int J Pharm. 376:69–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu Y, Yang T, Hu X. 2012. Novel polysaccharides-based nanoparticle carriers prepared by polyelectrolyte complexation for protein drug delivery. Polym Bull. 68:1183–1199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang M, Berkland C. 2008. Controlled release of repifermin1 from polyelectrolyte complexes stimulates endothelial cell proliferation. J Pharm Sci. 98:268–280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang M, Huang ZL, Bilgen M, Berkland C. 2008. Magnetic resonance imaging of contrast-enhanced polyelectrolyte complexes. Nanomedicine. 4:30–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang M, Vitharana SN, Peek LJ, Coop T, Berkland C. 2007. Polyelectrolyte complexes stabilize and controllably release vascular endothelial growth factor. Biomacromolecules. 8:1607–1614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jean M, Smaoui F, Lavertu M, Methot S, Bouhdoud L, Buschmann MD, et al. 2009. Chitosan-plasmid nanoparticle formulations for IM and SC delivery of recombine FGF-2 and PDGF-BB or generation of antibodies. Gene Ther. 16:1097–1110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang R, Lu X, Yang M, Deng W, Fan Q, Huang W. 2013. Monodispersed brush-like conjugated polyelectrolyte nanoparticles with efficient and visualized siRNA delivery for gene silencing. Biomacromolecules. 14:3643–3652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson JH. Heparin polyelectrolyte polymer complex. US Patent 1984; 4471112.
   Google Scholar
• Kabanov AV, Zezin AB. 1984. Soluble interpolymeric complexes as a new class of synthetic polyelectrolytes. Pure Appl Chem. 56:343–354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SH, Lee SH, Tian H, Chen X, Park TG. 2009. Prostate cancer cell-specific VEGF siRNA delivery system using cell targeting peptide conjugated polyplexes. J Drug Target. 17:311–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koetz J, Kosmella S. 2007. Polyelectrolytes and Nanoparticles. Berlin: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Lankalapalli S, Kolapalli VRM. 2009. Polyelectrolyte complexes: a review of their applicability in drug delivery technology. Indian J Pharm Sci. 5:481–487.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lankalapalli S, Routhu KC, Tenneti VSVK. 2014. Preparation and evaluation of vancomycin polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles. Indian J Nanosci. 2:10–18.
   Google Scholar
• Laue C, Kauper P. Chitosan based particles. US Patent 2008; US2008/0254078A1.
   Google Scholar
• Laue C, Kauper P. Hydrophilic particles based on cationic chitosan derivatives. World Patent 2006; WO 2006064331 A1.
   Google Scholar
• Lee D, Kim D, Mok H, Jeong JH, Choi D, Kim SH. 2012. Bioreducible crosslinked polyelectrolyte complexes for MMP-2 siRNA delivery into human vascular smooth muscle cells. Pharm Res. 29:2213–2224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefnaoui S, Moulai-Mostefa N. 2015. Polyelectrolyte complex based on carboxymethyl-kappa-carrageenan and Eudragit RL 30D as prospective carriers for sustained drug delivery. Chem Eng Res Des. 97:165–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu C, Xia Z, Czernuszka JT. 2007. Design and development of three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering. Chem Eng Res Des. 85:1051–1064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu W, Sun S, Cao Z, Zhang X, Yao K, Lu WW, et al. 2005. An investigation on the physicochemical properties of chitosan/DNA polyelectrolyte complexes. Biomaterials. 26:2705–2711.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luppi B, Bigucci F, Mercolini L, Musenga A, Sorrenti M, Catenacci L, et al. 2009. Novel mucoadhesive nasal inserts based on chitosan/hyaluronate polyelectrolyte complexes for peptide and protein delivery. J Pharm Pharmacol. 61:151–157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mao S, Bakowsky U, Jintapattanakit A, Kissel T. 2006. Self-assembled polyelectrolyte nanocomplexes between chitosan derivatives and insulin. J Pharm Sci. 95:1035–1048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martins AF, Bueno PVA, Almeida EAMS, Rodrigues FHA, Rubira AF, Muniz EC. 2013. Characterization of N-trimethyl chitosan/alginate complexes and curcumin release. Int J Biol Macromol. 57:174–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martins AF, Pereira AGB, Fajardo AR, Rubira AF, Muniz EC. 2011b. Characterization of polyelectrolytes complexes based on N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan/heparin prepared at different pH conditions. Carbohydr Polym. 86:1266–1272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martins AF, Piai JF, Schuquel ITA, Rubira AF, Muniz EC. 2011a. Polyelectrolyte complexes of chitosan/heparin and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan/heparin obtained at different pH: I. Preparation, characterization, and controlled release of heparin. Colloid Polym Sci. 289:1133–1144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mende M, Buchhammer HM, Schwarz S, Petzold G, Jaeger W. 2004. The stability of polyelectrolyte complex systems of PDADMAC with different polyanions. Macromol Symp. 211:121–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaels AS, Miekka RG. 1961. Polycation-polyanion complexes: preparation and properties of poly-(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium) poly-(styrenesulfonate). J Phys Chem. 65:1765–1773.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller M. 2014. Sizing, shaping and pharmaceutical applications of polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles. Adv Polym Sci. 256:197–260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller M, Keßler B, Frohlich J, Poeschla S, Torgeret B. 2011. Polyelctrolyte complex nanoparticles of poly(ethyleneimine) and poly(acrylic acid): preparation and applications. Polymers. 3:762–778.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pardeshi CV, Rajput PV, Belgamwar VS, Tekade AR, Patil GB, Chaudhary KS, et al. 2012. Solid lipid based nanocarriers: an overview. Acta Pharm. 62:433–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pergushov DV, Muller AHE, Schacher FH. 2012. Micellar interpolyelectrolyte complexes. Chem Soc Rev. 41:6888–6901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philipp B, Dautzenberg H, Linow KJ, Kotz J, Dawydoff W. 1989. Polyelectrolyte complexes – recent developments and open problems. Prog Polym Sci. 14:91–172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polexe RC, Terrat C, Verrier B, Cuvilier A, Champier G, Delair T. 2013. Elaboration of targeted nanodelivery systems based on colloidal polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) of chitosan (CH)-dextran sulphate (DS). Eur J Nanomed. 5:39–49.
   Google Scholar
• Prokop A. Micro-particulate and nano-particulate polymeric delivery system. US Patent 2003; US 2003/0170313A1.
   Google Scholar
• Robertis SD, Bonferoni MC, Elviri L, Sandri G, Caramella C, Bettini R. 2015. Advances in oral controlled drug delivery: the role of drug–polymer and interpolymer non-covalent interactions. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 12:441–453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sæther HV, Holme HK, Maurstad G, Smidsrod O, Stokke BT. 2008. Polyelectrolyte complex formation using alginate and chitosan. Carbohydr Polym. 74:813–821.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sajeesh S, Sharma CP. 2007. Novel polyelectrolyte complexes based on poly(methacrylic acid)-bis(2-aminopropyl)poly(ethylene glycol) for oral protein delivery. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 18:1125–1139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarmento B, Martins S, Ribeiro A, Veiga F, Neufeld R, Ferreira D. 2006a. Development and comparison of different nanoparticulate polyelectrolyte complexes as insulin carriers. Int J Pept Res Ther. 12:131–138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarmento B, Ribeiro A, Veiga F, Ferreira D. 2006b. Development and characterization of new insulin containing polysaccharide nanoparticles. Coll Surf B Biointerfaces. 53:193–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schatz C, Domard A, Viton C, Pichot C, Delair T. 2004b. Versatile and efficient formation of colloids of biopolymer-based polyelectrolyte complexes. Biomacromol. 5:1882–1892.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schatz C, Lucas J, Viton C, Domard A, Pichot C, Delair T. 2004a. Formation and properties of positively charged colloids based on polyelectrolyte complexes of biopolymers. Langmuir. 20:7766–7778.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheuing D, Lestage DJ, Bennett CW, Knock MM, Scales CW, Smith WL, Zhang R. Polyelectrolyte complexes. US Patent 2013; US 2013/0273174 A1.
   Google Scholar
• Sun W, Mao S, Mei D, Kissel T. 2008. Self-assembled polyelectrolyte nanocomplexes between chitosan derivatives and enoxaparin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 69:417–425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toreki W, Moore D. Method of attaching an antimicrobial cationic polyelectrolyte to the surface of substrate. US Patent 2012; US 8,092,854 B2.
   Google Scholar
• Tsuchida E. 1994. Formation of polyelectrolyte complexes and their structures. J Macromol Sci Pure Appl Chem. 31:1–15.
   Google Scholar
• Verheul RJ, Slutter B, Bal SM, Bouwstra JA, Jiskoot W, Hennink WE. 2011. Covalently stabilized trimethyl chitosan-hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for nasal and intradermal vaccination. J Control Release. 156:46–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volodko AV, Davydova VN, Chusovitin EA, Sorokina IV, Dolgikh MP, Tolstikova TG, et al. 2013. Soluble chitosan-carrageenan polyelectrolyte complexes and their gastroprotective activity. Carbohydr Polym. 101:1087–1093.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Ni C, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Li W, Yao B, et al. 2014. Preparation and pH controlled release of polyelectrolyte complex of poly(l-malic acid-co-d,l-lactic acid) and chitosan. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 115:275–279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whu SW, Hung KC, Hsieh KH, Chen CH, Tsai CL, Hsu SH. 2013. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan-gelatin scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 33:2855–2863.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu D, Delair T. 2015. Stabilization of chitosan/hyaluronan colloidal polyelectrolyte complexes in physiological conditions. Carbohydr Polym. 119:149–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu QX, Zhang QL, Lin DQ, Yao SJ. 2013. Characterization of novel lactoferrin loaded capsules prepared with polyelectrolyte complexes. Int J Pharm. 455:124–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang SD, Scholzen A, Minigo G, David C, Apostolopoulos V, Mottram PL, et al. 2006. Pathogen recognition and development of particulate vaccines: does size matter? Methods. 40:1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ying JY, Wan ACA. Cell-adhesive polyelectrolyte material for use as membrane and coating. World Patent 2007; WO 2007108775 A1.
   Google Scholar
• Ying JY, Wan ACA. Cell-adhesive polyelectrolyte material for use as membrane and coating. US Patent 2010; US 2010/0111917 A1.
   Google Scholar
• Zaitsev S, Cartier R, Vyborov O, Sukhorukov G, Paulke BR, Haberland A, et al. 2004. Polyelectrolyte nanoparticles mediate vascular gene delivery. Pharm Res. 21:1656–1661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zezin AB, Kabanov VA. 1982. A new class of complex water-soluble polyelectrolytes. Russ Chem Rev. 51:833–855.
   Google Scholar