Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy for CRPS and Related Conditions

REFERENCES

• Kingery WS (1997). A critical review of controlled clinical trials for peripheral neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndromes. Pain 73: 123–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraioli F, Fabbri A, Gnessi L, Moretti C, Santoro C, Felici M (1982). Subarachnoid injection of salmon calcitonin induces analgesia in man. Eur J Pharmacol 78: 381–382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clemento G, Amico Roxas M, Rasiparda E (1985). The analgesic activity of Calcitonin and the central serotonergic system. Eur J Pharmacol 108: 71–75.
   Google Scholar
• Perez RS, Kwakkel G, Zuurmond WW, de Lange JJ (2001). Treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (CRPS type 1): a research synthesis of 21 randomized clinical trials. J Pain Symptom Manage 21: 511–526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zyluk A (1998). Results of the treatment of posttraumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the upper extremity with regional intravenous blocks of methylprednisolone and lidocaine. Acta Orthop Belg 64: 452–456.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adami S, Fossaluzza V, Gatti D, Fracassi E, Braga V (1997). Bisphosphonate therapy of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 56: 201–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varenna M, Zucchi F, Ghiringhelli D, Binelli L, Bevilacqua M, Bettica P, Sinigaglia L (2000). Intravenous clodronate in the treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study. J Rheumatol 27: 1477–1483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubalek I, Fain O, Paries J, Kettaneh A, Thomas M (2001). Treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy with pamidronate: 29 cases. Rheumatology (Oxford) 40: 1394–1397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maillefert JF, Cortet B, Aho S (1999). Pooled results from 2 trials evaluating bisphosphonates in reflex sympathetic dystrophy. J Rheumatol 26: 1856–1857.
   Google Scholar
• Christensen K, Jensen EM, Noer I (1982). The reflex dystrophy syndrome response to treatment with systemic corticosteroids. Acta Chir Scand 148: 653–655.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Braus DF, Krauss JK, Strobel J (1994). The shoulder-hand syndrome after stroke: a prospective clinical trial. Ann Neurol 36: 728–733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuurmond WW, Langendijk PN, Bezemer PD, Brink HE, de Lange JJ, van Loenen AC (1996). Treatment of acute reflex sympathetic dystrophy with DMSO 50% in a fatty cream. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 40: 364–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zollinger PE, Tuinebreijer WE, Kreis RW, Breederveld RS (1999). Effect of vitamin C on frequency of reflex sympathetic dystrophy in wrist fractures: a randomised trial. Lancet 354: 2025–2028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muizelaar JP, Kleyer M, Hertogs IA, DeLange DC (1997). Complex regional pain syndrome (reflex sympathetic dystrophy and causalgia): management with the calcium channel blocker nifedipine and/or the alpha-sympathetic blocker phenoxybenzamine in 59 patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 99: 26–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prough DS, McLeskey CH, Poehling GG, Koman LA, Weeks DB, Whitworth T, Semble EL (1985). Efficacy of oral nifedipine in the treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Anesthesiology 62: 796–799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hempenstall K, Nurmikko TJ, Johnson RW, A’Hern RP, Rice AS (2005). Analgesic therapy in postherpetic neuralgia: a quantitative systematic review. PLoS Med 2: e164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finnerup NB, Otto M, McQuay HJ, Jensen TS, Sindrup SH (2005). Algorithm for neuropathic pain treatment: An evidence based proposal. Pain 118: 289–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Max MB, Culnane M, Schafer SC, Gracely RH, Walther DJ, Smoller B, Dubner R (1987). Amitriptyline relieves diabetic neuropathy pain in patients with normal or depressed mood. Neurology 37: 589–596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AGS Panel on Chronic Pain in Older Persons (1998). The management of chronic pain in older persons: AGS Panel on Chronic Pain in Older Persons. American Geriatrics Society. J Am Geriatr Soc 46: 635–651.
   Google Scholar
• Meier T, Wasner G, Faust M, Kuntzer T, Ochsner F, Hueppe M, Bogousslavsky J, Baron R (2003). Efficacy of lidocaine patch 5% in the treatment of focal peripheral neuropathic pain syndromes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pain 106: 151–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devers A, Galer BS (2000). Topical lidocaine patch relieves a variety of neuropathic pain conditions: an open-label study. Clin J Pain 16: 205–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sindrup SH, Andersen G, Madsen C, Smith T, Brosen K, Jensen TS (1999). Tramadol relieves pain and allodynia in polyneuropathy: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Pain 83: 85–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniell HW (2002). Hypogonadism in men consuming sustained-action oral opioids.JPain 3: 377–384.
   Google Scholar
• Cepeda MS, Lau J, Carr DB (2002). Defining the therapeutic role of local anesthetic sympathetic blockade in complex regional pain syndrome: a narrative and systematic review. Clin J Pain 18: 216–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Challapalli V, Tremont-Lukats IW, McNicol ED, Lau J, Carr DB (2005). Systemic administration of local anesthetic agents to relieve neuropathic pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD003345.
   Google Scholar