REFERENCES

• ZiasJ.StarkH.SellgmanJ.et al.Early medical use of cannabis.Nature.19933632158387642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchlesingerS.Untersuchung der Cannabis sativa.Repertorium fur die Pharmacie.1840190208
   Google Scholar
• DecourtiveE.Note sur le haschisch.CR Hebd Séances Acad Sci.184826509510
   Google Scholar
• MechoulamR.Cannabinoid chemistry. In: Mechoulam R, ed.Marijuana. New York, NY; London, UK: Academic Press1973199
   Google Scholar
• MechoulamR.HanusL.A historical overview of chemical research on cannabinoids.Chem Phys Lipids.200010811311106779
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GaoniY.MechoulamR.Isolation, structure and partial synthesis of the active constituent of hashish.J Am Chem Soc.19648616461647
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WallerCW. JJ.BuelkeJ.TurnerCE.Marihuana, an annotated bibliography.Res Inst Pharmacy Sci Univ Mississippi.1976 and yearly updates.
   Google Scholar
• FraserJD.Withdrawal symptoms in cannabis indica addicts.Lancet.1949274715390694
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GrinspoonL.BakalarJB.ZimmerL.MorganJP.Marijuana addiction.Science.1997277749author reply 750-7429273692
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KaymakcalanS.The addictive potential of cannabis.Bull Narc.19813321316272922
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• JonesRT.BenowitzN.BachmanJ.Clinical studies of cannabis tolerance and dependence.Ann N Y Acad Sci.1976282221239798533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NordstromBR.LevinFR.Treatment of cannabis use disorders: a review of the literature.Am J Addict.20071633134217882603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BernoussiA.BrandibasG.Cannabis addiction and Telic Dominance Scale.Encephale.20032951952615029086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BudneyAJ.MooreBA.RochaHL.HigginsST.Clinical trial of abstinencebased vouchers and cognitive-behavioral therapy for cannabis dependence.J Consult Clin Psychol.20067430731616649875
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GardnerEL.Addictive potential of cannabinoids: the underlying neurobiology.Chem Phys Lipids.200212126729012505706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MaldonadoR.Rodriguezde Fonseca F.Cannabinoid addiction: behavioral models and neural correlates.J Neurosci.2002223326333111978807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MansbachRS.NicholsonKL.MartinBR.BalsterRL.Failure of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and CP 55,940 to maintain intravenous self-administration under a fixed-interval schedule in rhesus monkeys.Behav Pharmacol.1994521922511224271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ColomboG.SerraS.VaccaG.CaraiMA.GessaGL.Endocannabinoid system and alcohol addiction: pharmacological studies.Pharmacol Biochem Behav.20058136938015939463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WangL.LiuJ.Harvey-WhiteJ.ZimmerA.KunosG.Endocannabinoid signaling via cannabinoid receptor 1 is involved in ethanol preference and its age-dependent decline in mice.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.20031001393139812538878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CohenC.PerraultG.VoltzC.SteinbergR.SoubrieP.SR141716, a central cannabinoid (CB(1)) receptor antagonist, blocks the motivational and dopaminereleasing effects of nicotine in rats.Behav Pharmacol.20021345146312394421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MillerNS.GoldMS.KlahrAL.The diagnosis of alcohol and cannabis dependence (addiction) in cocaine dependence (addiction).Int J Addict.1990257357442272719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FoltinRW.FischmanMW.PippenPA.KellyTH.Behavioral effects of cocaine alone and in combination with ethanol or marijuana in humans.Drug Alcohol Depend.199332931068508730
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LukasSE.SholarM.KouriE.FukuzakoH.MendelsonJH.Marihuana smoking increases plasma cocaine levels and subjective reports of euphoria in male volunteers.Pharmacol Biochem Behav.1994487157217938127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BallonN.LeroyS.RoyC.et al.(AAT)n repeat in the cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1): association with cocaine addiction in an African-Caribbean population.Pharmacogenomics J.2006612613016314880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FilipM.GoldaA.ZaniewskaM.et al.Involvement of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in drug addiction: effects of rimonabant on behavioral responses induced by cocaine.Pharmacol Rep.20065880681917220538
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le FollB.GoldbergSR.Rimonabant, a CB1 antagonist, blocks nicotineconditioned place preferences.Neuroreport.2004152139214315486497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CohenC.PerraultG.GriebelG.SoubrieP.Nicotine-associated cues maintain nicotine-seeking behavior in rats several weeks after nicotine withdrawal: reversal by the cannabinoid (CB1) receptor antagonist, rimonabant (SR141716).Neuropsychopharmacology.20053014515515292905
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CastaneA.BerrenderoF.MaldonadoR.The role of the cannabinoid system in nicotine addiction.Pharmacol Biochem Behav.20058138138615925402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EineckeD.[A new pill for metabolic syndrome. Successful control of lipids, kilos and cigarettes].MMW Fortschr Med.20041461011
   Google Scholar
• FouldsJ.BurkeM.SteinbergM.WilliamsJM.ZiedonisDM.Advances in pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence.Expert Opin Emerg Drugs.20049395315155135
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GelfandEV.CannonCP.Rimonabant: a selective blocker of the cannabinoid CB1 receptors for the management of obesity, smoking cessation and cardiometabolic risk factors.Expert Opin Investig Drugs.200615307315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YaoL.McFarlandK.FanP.JiangZ.UedaT.DiamondI.Adenosine A2a blockade prevents synergy between mu-opiate and cannabinoid CB1 receptors and eliminates heroin-seeking behavior in addicted rats.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.20061037877788216684876
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LedentC.ValverdeO.CossuG.et al.Unresponsiveness to cannabinoids and reduced addictive effects of opiates in CB1 receptor knockout mice.Science.19992834014049888857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LavioletteSR.GraceAA.The roles of cannabinoid and dopamine receptor systems in neural emotional learning circuits: implications for schizophrenia and addiction.Cell Mol Life Sci.2006631597161316699809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le FollB.GoldbergSR.Cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists as promising new medications for drug dependence.J Pharmacol Exp Ther.200531287588315525797
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SolowijN.StephensRS.RoffmanRA.et al.Cognitive functioning of longterm heavy cannabis users seeking treatment.JAMA.20022871123113111879109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KlugmanA.GruzelierJ.Chronic cognitive impairment in users of 'ecstasy' and cannabis.World Psychiatry.2003218419016946933
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WadsworthEJ.MossSC.SimpsonSA.SmithAP.Cannabis use, cognitive performance and mood in a sample of workers.J Psychopharmacol.200620142316204329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JagerG.KahnRS.Van Den BrinkW.Van ReeJM.RamseyNF.Long-term effects of frequent cannabis use on working memory and attention: an fMRI study.Psychopharmacology (Berl).200618535836816521034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MajPF.ColluM.FaddaP.CattaneoA.RacagniG.RivaMA.Long-term reduction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and signaling impairment following prenatal treatment with the cannabinoid receptor 1 receptor agonist (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinyl-methyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone.Eur J Neurosci.2007253305331117552998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HuizinkAC.MulderEJ.Maternal smoking, drinking or cannabis use during pregnancy and neurobehavioral and cognitive functioning in human offspring.Neurosci Biobehav Rev.200630244116095697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FriedPA.SmithAM.A literature review of the consequences of prenatal marihuana exposure. An emerging theme of a deficiency in aspects of executive function.Neurotoxicol Teratol.20012311111274871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MurrayRM.MorrisonPD.HenquetC.Di FortiM.Cannabis, the mind and society: the hash realities.Nat Rev Neurosci.2007888589517925811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SolowijN.MichiePT.Cannabis and cognitive dysfunction: parallels with endophenotypes of schizophrenia?J Psychiatry Neurosci.200732305217245472
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FavratB.MenetreyA.AugsburgerM.et al.Two cases of “cannabis acute psychosis” following the administration of oral cannabis.BMC Psychiatry.200551715804348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'SouzaDC.PerryE.MacDougallL.et al.The psychotomimetic effects of intravenous deIta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy individuals: implications for psychosis.Neuropsychopharmacology.2004291558157215173844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OzakiS.WadaK.Amotivational syndrome in organic solvent abusers.Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi.2001117424811233295
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FujiwaraM.Characteristics of abnormal behavior induced by delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats.Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi.2001117354111233294
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TunvingK.Psychiatric aspects of cannabis use in adolescents and young adults.Pediatrician.19871483913497393
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LaqueilleX.Related, induced and associated psychiatric disorders to cannabis.Rev Prat.200555303415801394
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MendelsonJH.KuehnleJC.GreenbergI.MelloNK.Operant acquisition of marihuana in man.J Pharmacol Exp Ther.19761984253933012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BarnwellSS.EarleywineM.WilcoxR.Cannabis, motivation, and life satisfaction in an internet sample.Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy.20061216722561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WargoKA.GevedenBN.McConnellVJ.Cannabinoid-induced pancreatitis: a case series.JOP.2007857958317873462
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KirkhamTC.Endocannabinoids in the regulation of appetite and body weight.Behav Pharmacol.20051629731316148436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KirkhamTC.TucciSA.Endocannabinoids in appetite control and the treatment of obesity.CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets.2006527229216787229
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RussoP.StrazzulloP.CappuccioFP.et al.Genetic variations at the endocannabinoid type 1 receptor gene (CNR1) are associated with obesity phenotypes in men.J Clin Endocrinol Metab.2007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GessaGL.OrruA.LaiP.et al.Lack of tolerance to the suppressing effect of rimonabant on chocolate intake in rats.Psychopharmacology (Berl).200618524825416491428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WardSJ.DykstraLA.The role of CB1 receptors in sweet versus fat reinforcement: effect of CB1 receptor deletion, CB1 receptor antagonism (SR141716A) and CB1 receptor agonism (CP-55940).Behav Pharmacol.20051638138816148442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SimiandJ.KeaneM.KeanePE.SoubrieP.SR 141716, a CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist, selectively reduces sweet food intake in marmoset.Behav Pharmacol.1998917918110065938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CaraiMA.ColomboGMaccioniP.GessaGL.Efficacy of rimonabant and other cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists in reducing food intake and body weight: preclinical and clinical data.CNS Drug Rev200612919916958983
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PagottoU.PasqualiR.Fighting obesity and associated risk factors by antagonising cannabinoid type 1 receptors.Lancet.20053651363136415836868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DespresJP.GolayA.SjostromL.Effects of rimonabant on metabolic risk factors in overweight patients with dyslipidemia.N Engl J Med.20053532121213416291982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pi-SunyerFX.AronneLJ.HeshmatiHM.DevinJ.RosenstockJ.Effect of rimonabant, a cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker, on weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight or obese patients: RIO-North America: a randomized controlled trial.JAMA.200629576177516478899
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van GaalLF.RissanenAM.ScheenAJ.ZieglerO.RossnerS.Effects of the cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker rimonabant on weight reduction and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight patients: 1-year experience from the RIO-Europe study.Lancet.20053651389139715836887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ClelandJG.GhoshJ.FreemantleN.et al.Clinical trials update and cumulative meta-analyses from the American College of Cardiology: WATCH, SCDHeFT, DINAMIT, CASINO, INSPIRE, STRATUS-US, RIO-Lipids and cardiac resynchronisation therapy in heart failure.Eur J Heart Fail.2004650150815182777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ScheenAJ.Van GaalLG.DespresJP.Pi-SunyerX.GolayA.HanotinC.Rimonabant improves cardiometabolic risk profile in obese or overweight subjects: overview of RIO studies.Rev Med Suisse.200621916192316972542
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ShapiroH.SingerP.Rimonabant in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.Lancet.2007369553554; author reply 554-55517307091
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PatelPN.PathakR.Rimonabant: a novel selective cannabinoid-1 receptor antagonist for treatment of obesity.Am J Health Syst Pharm.20076448148917322160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BealJE.OlsonR.LefkowitzL.et al.Long-term efficacy and safety of dronabinol for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated anorexia.J Pain Symptom Manage.1997147149223837
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BealJE.OlsonR.LaubensteinL.et al.Dronabinol as a treatment for anorexia associated with weight loss in patients with AIDS.J Pain Symptom Manage.19951089977730690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GorterR.SeefriedM.VolberdingP.Dronabinol effects on weight in patients with HIV infection.AIDS.199261271311935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TimponeJG.WrightDJ.LiN.et al.The safety and pharmacokinetics of single-agent and combination therapy with megestrol acetate and dronabinol for the treatment of HIV wasting syndrome. The DATRl 004 Study Group. Division of AIDS Treatment Research Initiative.AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses.1997133053159071430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NauckF.KlaschikE.Cannabinoids in the treatment of the cachexiaanorexia syndrome in palliative care patients.Schmerz.20041819720215221423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NelsonK.WalshD.DeeterP.SheehanF.A phase II study of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol for appetite stimulation in cancer-associated anorexia.J Palliat Care.19941014188035251
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MartinBR.WileyJL.Mechanism of action of cannabinoids: how it may lead to treatment of cachexia, emesis, and pain.J Support Oncol.20042305314; discussion 314-30615357514
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AbrahamovA.AbrahamovA.MechoulamR.An efficient new cannabinoid antiemetic in pediatric oncology.Life Sci.199556209721027776837
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TramerMR.CarrollD.CampbellFA.ReynoldsDJ.MooreRA.McQuayHJ.Cannabinoids for control of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting: quantitative systematic review.BMJ.2001323162111440936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiangYC.HuangCC.HsuKS.Therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in trigeminal neuralgia.Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord.2004350751415578967
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VolfeZ.DvilanskyA.NathanI.Cannabinoids block release of serotonin from platelets induced by plasma from migraine patients.Int J Clin Pharmacol Res.198552432462997048
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AttalN.BrasseurL.GuirimandD.Clermond-GnamienS.AtlamiS.BouhassiraD.Are oral cannabinoids safe and effective in refractory neuropathic pain?Eur J Pain.2004817317714987627
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BuggyDJ.ToogoodL.MarieS.SharpeP.LambertDG.RowbothamDJ.Lack of analgesic efficacy of oral deIta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in postoperative pain.Pain.200310616917214581124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HoldcroftA.SmithM.JacklinA.et al.Pain relief with oral cannabinoids in familial Mediterranean fever.Anaesthesia.1997524834869165969
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BermanJS.SymondsC.BirchR.Efficacy of two cannabis based medicinal extracts for relief of central neuropathic pain from brachial plexus avulsion: results of a randomised controlled trial.Pain.200411229930615561385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SvendsenKB.JensenTS.BachFW.Does the cannabinoid dronabinol reduce central pain in multiple sclerosis? Randomised double blind placebo controlled crossover trial.BMJ.200432925315258006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SvendsenKB.JensenTS.BachFW.Effect of the synthetic cannabinoid dronabinol on central pain in patients with multiple sclerosis - secondary publication.Ugeskr Laeger.20051672772277416014264
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NoyesR.Jr.BrunkSF.AveryDA.CanterAC.The analgesic properties of deIta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and codeine.Clin Pharmacol Ther.197518848950159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NoyesR.Jr.BrunkSF.BaramDA.CanterA.Analgesic effect of deIta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol.J Clin Pharmacol.1975151391431091664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WareMA.DoyleCR.WoodsR.LynchME.ClarkAJ.Cannabis use for chronic non-cancer pain: results of a prospective survey.Pain.200310221121612620613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WoolridgeE.BartonS.SamuelJ.OsorioJ.DoughertyA.HoldcroftA.Cannabis use in HIV for pain and other medical symptoms.J Pain Symptom Manage.20052935836715857739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BerlachDM.ShirY.WareMA.Experience with the synthetic cannabinoid nabilone in chronic noncancer pain.Pain Med.20067252916533193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WisselJ.HaydnT.MuIIerJ.et al.Low dose treatment with the synthetic cannabinoid Nabilone significantly reduces spasticity-related pain: a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over trial.J Neurol.20062531337134116988792
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KarstM.SalimK.BursteinS.ConradI.HoyL.SchneiderU.Analgesic effect of the synthetic cannabinoid CT-3 on chronic neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial.JAMA.20032901757176214519710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VannRE.CookCD.MartinBR.JennyL.WileyJL.Cannabimimetic properties of ajulemic acid.J Pharmacol Exp Ther.200732067868617105826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RussoE.GuyGW.A tale of two cannabinoids: the therapeutic rationale for combining tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol.Med Hypotheses.20066623424616209908
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IskedjianM.BerezaB.GordonA.PiwkoC.EinarsonTR.Meta-analysis of cannabis based treatments for neuropathic and multiple sclerosis-related pain.Curr Med Res Opin.200723172417257464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NotcuttW.PriceM.MillerR.et al.Initial experiences with medicinal extracts of cannabis for chronic pain: results from 34 'N of 1' studies.Anaesthesia.20045944045215096238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RogDJ.NurmikkoTJ.FriedeT.YoungCA.Randomized, controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in central pain in multiple sclerosis.Neurology.20056581281916186518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BarnesMP.Sativex: clinical efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of symptoms of multiple sclerosis and neuropathic pain.Exp Opin Pharmacother.20067607615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PerezJ.Combined cannabinoid therapy via an oromucosal spray.Drugs Today (Bare).200642495503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WareM.BeaulieuP.Cannabinoids for the treatment of pain: An update on recent clinical trials.Pain Res Manag.200510 (suppl A)27A30A
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AchironA.MironS.LavieV.MargalitR.BiegonA.Dexanabinol (HU-211) effect on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: implications for the treatment of acute relapses of multiple sclerosis.J Neuroimmunol.2000102263110626663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LymanWD.SonettJR.BrosnanCF.ElkinR.BornsteinMB.Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol: a novel treatment for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.J Neuroimmunol.19892373812542370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SanchezAJ.Gonzalez-PerezP.Galve-RoperhI.Garcia-MerinoA.R-(+)-[2,3-Dihydro-5-methyI-3-(4-morphoIinyImethyI)-pyrroIo-[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yI]-1-naphta!enyImethanone (WIN-2) ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and induces encephalitogenic T cell apoptosis: partial involvement of the CB(2) receptor.Biochem Pharmacol.2006721697170617007821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DocagneF.MunetonV.ClementeD.et al.Excitotoxicity in a chronic model of multiple sclerosis: Neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids through CB1 and CB2 receptor activation.Mol Cell Neurosci.20073455156117229577
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BenitoC.RomeroJP.TolonRM.et al.Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase are specific markers of plaque cell subtypes in human multiple sclerosis.J Neurosci.2007272396240217329437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CabranesA.PryceG.BakerD.Fernandez-RuizJ.Changes in CB1 receptors in motor-related brain structures of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis mice.Brain Res.2006110719920516822488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PetroDJ.Marihuana as a therapeutic agent for muscle spasm or spasticity.Psychosomatics.19802181857360860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PryceG.BakerD.Control of spasticity in a multiple sclerosis model is mediated by CB1, not CB2, cannabinoid receptors.Br J Pharmacol.200715051952517220914
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UngerIeiderJT.AndyrsiakT.FairbanksL.EllisonGW.MyersLW.Delta-9-THC in the treatment of spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis.Adv Alcohol Subst Abuse.1987739502831701
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MartynCN.lllisLS.ThomJ.Nabilone in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.Lancet.19953455797776785
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MeinckHM.SchonlePW.ConradB.Effect of cannabinoids on spasticity and ataxia in multiple sclerosis.J Neurol.19892361201222709054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PetroDJ.EllenbergerC.Jr.Treatment of human spasticity with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol.J Clin Pharmacol.198121413S416S6271839
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrenneisenR.EgliA.ElsohlyMA.HennV.SpiessY.The effect of orally and rectally administered delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on spasticity: a pilot study with 2 patients.Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther.1996344464528897084
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KochM.MostertJ.HeersemaD.De KeyserJ.Tremor in multiple sclerosis.J Neurol.200725413314517318714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KillesteinJ.HoogervorstEL.ReifM.et al.Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of orally administered cannabinoids in MS.Neurology.2002581404140712011290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GreenbergHS.WernessSA.PughJE.AndrusRO.AndersonDJ.DominoEF.Short-term effects of smoking marijuana on balance in patients with multiple sclerosis and normal volunteers.Clin Pharmacol Ther.1994553243288143398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CliffordDB.Tetrahydrocannabinol for tremor in multiple sclerosis.Ann Neurol.1983136696716309074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FoxP.BainPG.GlickmanS.CarrollC.ZajicekJ.The effect of cannabis on tremor in patients with multiple sclerosis.Neurology.2004621105110915079008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchonF.HartPE.HodgsonTL.et al.Suppression of pendular nystagmus by smoking cannabis in a patient with multiple sclerosis.Neurology.1999532209221010599815
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FreemanRM.AdekanmiO.WaterfieldMR.WaterfieldAE.WrightD.ZajicekJ.The effect of cannabis on urge incontinence in patients with multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, randomised placebo-controlled trial (CAMSLUTS).Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct.20061763664116552618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SmithPF.GW-1000. GW Pharmaceuticals.Curr Opin Investig Drugs.20045748754
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VaneyC.Heinzel-GutenbrunnerM.JobinP.et al.Efficacy, safety and tolerability of an orally administered cannabis extract in the treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.Mult Scler.20041041742415327040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WadeDT.MakelaP.RobsonP.HouseH.BatemanC.Do cannabis-based medicinal extracts have general or specific effects on symptoms in multiple sclerosis? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study on 160 patients.Mult Scler.20041043444115327042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WadeDT.MakelaPM.HouseH.BatemanC.RobsonP.Long-term use of a cannabis-based medicine in the treatment of spasticity and other symptoms in multiple sclerosis.Mult Scler.20061263964517086911
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZajicekJ.FoxP.SandersH.et al.Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial.Lancet.20033621517152614615106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZajicekJP.SandersHP.WrightDE.et al.Cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis (CAMS) study: safety and efficacy data for 12 months follow up.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.2005761664166916291891
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BifuIcoM.LaezzaC.MalfitanoAM.From anecdotal evidence of cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis to emerging new therapeutical approaches.Mult Scler.20071313313417294623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BowIingA.Cannabinoids in MS - are we any closer to knowing how best to use them?Mult Scler.20061252352517086895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MaccarroneM.BattistaN.CentonzeD.The endocannabinoid pathway in Huntington's disease: a comparison with other neurodegenerative diseases.Prog Neurobiol.20078134937917276576
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MestreL.CorreaF.DocagneF.et al.Cannabinoid system and neuroinflammation: therapeutic perspectives in multiple sclerosis.Rev Neurol.20064354154817072810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lastres-BeckerI.Molina-HolgadoF.RamosJA.MechoulamR.Fernandez-RuizJ.Cannabinoids provide neuroprotection against 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity in vivo and in vitro: relevance to Parkinson's disease.Neurobiol Dis.2005199610715837565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SommerC.SchomacherM.BergerC.et al.Neuroprotective cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716A prevents downregulation of excitotoxic NMDA receptors in the ischemic penumbra.Acta Neuropathol (Berl).200611227728616871404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KnoIlerN.LeviL.ShoshanI.et al.Dexanabinol (HU-211) in the treatment of severe closed head injury: a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial.Crit Care Med.20023054855411990913
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MaasAI.MurrayG.HenneyH.3rd.et al.Efficacy and safety of dexanabinol in severe traumatic brain injury: results of a phase III randomised, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.Lancet Neurol.20065384516361021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KleinTW.Cannabinoid-based drugs as anti-inflammatory therapeutics.Nat Rev Immunol.2005540041115864274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WalterL.StellaN.Cannabinoids and neuroinflammation.Br J Pharmacol.200414177578514757702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MarchalantY.RosiS.WenkGL.Anti-inflammatory property of the cannabinoid agonist WIN-55212-2 in a rodent model of chronic brain inflammation.Neuroscience.20071441516152217178196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MareszK.PryceG.PonomarevED.et al.Direct suppression of CNS autoimmune inflammation via the cannabinoid receptor CB(1) on neurons and CB(2) on autoreactive T cells.Nat Med.20071349249717401376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SteffensS.VeillardNR.ArnaudC.et al.Low dose oral cannabinoid therapy reduces progression of atherosclerosis in mice.Nature.200543478278615815632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DarmaniNA.IzzoAA.DegenhardtB.et al.Involvement of the cannabimimetic compound, N-palmitoyl-ethanoIamine, in inflammatory and neuropathic conditions: Review of the available pre-clinical data, and first human studies.Neuropharmacology.2005481154116315910891
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RajeshM.MukhopadhyayP.BatkaiS.et al.Cannabidiol attenuates high glucose-induced endothelial cell inflammatory response and barrier disruption.Am J Physiol Heart Ore Physiol.2007293H909H918
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CrociT.ZariniE.Effect of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant on nociceptive responses and adjuvant-induced arthritis in obese and lean rats.Br J Pharmacol.200715055956617245360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrotchieJM.CB1 cannabinoid receptor signalling in Parkinson's disease.Curr Opin Pharmacol.20033546112550742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ManeufYP.CrossmanAR.BrotchieJM.The cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 reduces D2, but not D1, dopamine receptor-mediated alleviation of akinesia in the reserpine-treated rat model of Parkinson's disease.Exp Neurol.19971482652709398468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FerrerB.AsbrockN.KathuriaS.PiomelliD.GiuffridaA.Effects of levodopa on endocannabinoid levels in rat basal ganglia: implications for the treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesias.Eur J Neurosci.2003181607161414511339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GonzalezS.ScorticatiC.Garcia-ArencibiaM.de MiguelR.RamosJA.Fernandez-RuizJ.Effects of rimonabant, a selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.Brain Res.20061073-107420921916412990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lastres-BeckerI.CebeiraM.de CeballosML.et al.Increased cannabinoid CB1 receptor binding and activation of GTP-binding proteins in the basal ganglia of patients with Parkinson's syndrome and of MPTP-treated marmosets.Eur J Neurosci.2001141827183211860478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PisaniA.FezzaF.GalatiS.et al.High endogenous cannabinoid levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of untreated Parkinson's disease patients.Ann Neurol.20055777777915852389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KreitzerAC.MalenkaRC.Endocannabinoid-mediated rescue of striatal LTD and motor deficits in Parkinson's disease models.Nature.200744564364717287809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SieradzanKA.FoxSH.HillM.DickJP.CrossmanAR.BrotchieJM.Cannabinoids reduce levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: a pilot study.Neurology.2001572108211111739835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JabuschHC.SchneiderU.AltenmuIIerE.DeIta9-tetrahydrocannabinol improves motor control in a patient with musician's dystonia.Mov Disord.20041999099115300675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CarrollCB.BainPG.TeareL.et al.Cannabis for dyskinesia in Parkinson disease: a randomized double-blind crossover study.Neurology.2004631245125015477546
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FoxSH.KellettM.MooreAP.CrossmanAR.BrotchieJM.Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the potential of cannabinoid receptor stimulation in the treatment of dystonia.Mov Disord.20021714514911835452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MesnageV.HouetoJL.BonnetAM.et al.Neurokinin B, neurotensin, and cannabinoid receptor antagonists and Parkinson disease.Clin Neuropharmacol.20042710811015190231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VenderovaK.RuzickaE.VorisekV.VisnovskyP.Survey on cannabis use in Parkinson's disease: subjective improvement of motor symptoms.Mov Disord.2004191102110615372606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AIsasuadel Valle A.Implication of cannabinoids in neurological diseases.Cell Mol Neurobiol.20062657959116699878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lastres-BeckerI.Fernandez-RuizJ.An overview of Parkinson's disease and the cannabinoid system and possible benefits of cannabinoid-based treatments.Curr Med Chem.2006133705371817168732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SevcikJ.MasekK.Potential role of cannabinoids in Parkinson's disease.Drugs Aging.20001639139510939305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GlassM.DragunowM.FaullRL.The pattern of neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease: a comparative study of cannabinoid, dopamine, adenosine and GABA(A) receptor alterations in the human basal ganglia in Huntington's disease.Neuroscience.20009750551910828533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RichfieldEK.HerkenhamM.Selective vulnerability in Huntington's disease: preferential loss of cannabinoid receptors in lateral globus pallidus.Ann Neurol.1994365775847944290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GlassM.FaullRL.DragunowM.Loss of cannabinoid receptors in the substantia nigra in Huntington's disease.Neuroscience.1993565235278255419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de LagoE.UrbaniP.RamosJA.Di MarzoV.Fernandez-RuizJ.Arvanil, a hybrid endocannabinoid and vanilloid compound, behaves as an antihyperkinetic agent in a rat model of Huntington's disease.Brain Res.2005105021021615975564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lastres-BeckerI.de MiguelR.De PetrocellisL.MakriyannisA.Di MarzoV.Fernandez-RuizJ.Compounds acting at the endocannabinoid and/or endovanilloid systems reduce hyperkinesia in a rat model of Huntington's disease.J Neurochem.2003841097110912603833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PintorA.TebanoMT.MartireA.et al.The cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 attenuates the effects induced by quinolinic acid in the rat striatum.Neuropharmacology.2006511004101216895732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ConsroeP.LagunaJ.AHenderJ.et al.Controlled clinical trial of cannabidiol in Huntington's disease.Pharmacol Biochem Behav.1991407017081839644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MulIer-VahlKR.Cannabinoids reduce symptoms of Tourette's syndrome.Expert Opin Pharmacother.200341717172514521482
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller-VahlKR.PrevedelH.TheloeK.KolbeH.EmrichHM.SchneiderU.Treatment of Tourette syndrome with deIta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC): no influence on neuropsychological performance.Neuropsychopharmacology.20032838438812589392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MuIIer-VahIKR.SchneiderU.KoblenzA.et al.Treatment of Tourette's syndrome with Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): a randomized crossover trial.Pharmacopsychiatry.200235576111951146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MuIIer-VahlKR.SchneiderU.PrevedelH.et al.Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is effective in the treatment of tics in Tourette syndrome: a 6-week randomized trial.J Clin Psychiatry.20036445946512716250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GadzickiD.MuIIer-VahlKR.HellerD.et al.Tourette syndrome is not caused by mutations in the central cannabinoid receptor (CNR1) gene.Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet.20041279710315108190
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CarterGT.RosenBS.Marijuana in the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Am J Hosp Palliat Care.20011826427011467101
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BilslandLG.DickJR.PryceG.et al.Increasing cannabinoid levels by pharmacological and genetic manipulation delay disease progression in SOD1 mice.Faseb J.2006201003100516571781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RamanC.McAllisterSD.RizviG.PatelSG.MooreDH.AboodME.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: delayed disease progression in mice by treatment with a cannabinoid.Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord.20045333915204022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WeydtP.HongS.WittingA.MoIIerT.StellaN.KliotM.Cannabinol delays symptom onset in SOD1 (G93A) transgenic mice without affecting survival.Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord.2005618218416183560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KimK.MooreDH.MakriyannisA.AboodME.AM 1241, a cannabinoid CB2 receptor selective compound, delays disease progression in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Eur J Pharmacol.200654210010516781706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShoemakerJL.SeelyKA.ReedRL.CrowJP.PratherPL.The CB2 cannabinoid agonist AM-1241 prolongs survival in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis when initiated at symptom onset.J Neurochem.2007101879817241118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AmtmannD.WeydtP.JohnsonKL.JensenMP.CarterGT.Survey of cannabis use in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Am J Hosp Palliat Care.2004219510415055508
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• EubanksLM.RogersCJ.BeuscherAE. 4th.et al.A molecular link between the active component of marijuana and Alzheimer's disease pathology.Mol Pharm.2006377377717140265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VoIicerL.StellyM.MorrisJ.McLaughlinJ.VolicerBJ.Effects of dronabinol on anorexia and disturbed behavior in patients with Alzheimer's disease.Int J Geriatr Psychiatry.1997129139199309469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WaItherS.MahlbergR.EichmannU.KunzD.DeIta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol for nighttime agitation in severe dementia.Psychopharmacology (Berl).200618552452816521031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CarliniEA.MechoulamR.LanderN.Anticonvulsant activity of four oxygenated cannabidiol derivatives.Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol.1975121151188178
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ConsroeP.MartinA.SinghV.Antiepileptic potential of cannabidiol analogs.J Clin Pharmacol.198121428S436S7298873
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MartinAR.ConsroeP.KaneW.et al.Structure-anticonvulsant activity relationships of cannabidiol analogs.NIDA Res Monogr.19877948583125480
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AmesFR.CridlandS.Anticonvulsant effect of cannabidiol.S Afr Med J.198669143941934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ConsroeP.WolkinA.Cannabidiol-antiepileptic drug comparisons and interactions in experimentally induced seizures in rats.J Pharmacol Exp Ther.19772012632850145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ConsroePF.WolkinAL.Anticonvulsant interaction of cannabidiol and ethosuximide in rats.J Pharm Pharmacol.19772950050119602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CortesiM.Fusar-PoliP.Potential therapeutical effects of cannabidiol in children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy.Med Hypotheses.20076892092117112679
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeshpandeLS.SombatiS.BlairRE.CarterDS.MartinBR.DeLorenzoRJ.Cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists cause status epilepticus-Iike activity in the hippocampal neuronal culture model of acquired epilepsy.Neurosci Lett.2007411111617110038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LuszczkiJJ.CzuczwarP.Cioczek-CzuczwarA.CzuczwarSJ.Arachidonyl-2'-chIoroethyIamide, a highly selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist, enhances the anticonvulsant action of valproate in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure model.Eur J Pharmacol.2006547657416930590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GordonE.DevinskyO.Alcohol and marijuana: effects on epilepsy and use by patients with epilepsy.Epilepsia.2001421266127211737161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KeelerMH.ReiflerCB.Grand mal convulsions subsequent to marijuana use. Case report.Dis Nerv Syst.1967284744755006458
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CunhaJM.CarliniEA.PereiraAE.et al.Chronic administration of cannabidiol to healthy volunteers and epileptic patients.Pharmacology.1980211751857413719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AshtonCH.MoorePB.GallagherP.YoungAH.Cannabinoids in bipolar affective disorder: a review and discussion of their therapeutic potential.J Psychopharmacol.20051929330015888515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GrinspoonL.BakalarJB.The use of cannabis as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder: anecdotal evidence and the need for clinical research.J Psychoactive Drugs.1998301711779692379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EmrichHM.LewekeFM.SchneiderU.Towards a cannabinoid hypothesis of schizophrenia: cognitive impairments due to dysregulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system.Pharmacol Biochem Behav.1997568038079130308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LewekeFM.GiuffridaA.KoetheD.et al.Anandamide levels in cerebrospinal fluid of first-episode schizophrenic patients: Impact of cannabis use.Schizophr Res.200794293617566707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KenchadzeVG.ChkoniiaED.Clinical features of cannabis psychosis in schizophrenia patients.Georgian Med News.2006555816980745
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McGuirePK.JonesP.HarveyI.et al.Cannabis and acute psychosis.Schizophr Res.1994131611677986773
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jockers-ScherublMC.Schizophrenia and cannabis consumption: epidemiology and clinical symptoms.Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr.20065553354317058779
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BoydeIIJ.DeanK.DuttaR.GiouroukouE.FearonP.MurrayR.A comparison of symptoms and family history in schizophrenia with and without prior cannabis use: Implications for the concept of cannabis psychosis.Schizophr Res.20079320321017462864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DubertretC.BidardI.AdesJ.GorwoodP.Lifetime positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and cannabis abuse are partially explained by co-morbid addiction.Schizophr Res.20068628429016806837
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MeltzerHY.ArvanitisL.BauerD.ReinW.Placebo-controlled evaluation of four novel compounds for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.Am J Psychiatry.200416197598415169685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZuardiAW.MoraisSL.GuimaraesFS.MechoulamR.Antipsychotic effect of cannabidiol.J Clin Psychiatry.1995564854867559378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZuardiAW.CrippaJA.HallakJE.MoreiraFA.GuimaraesFS.Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent, as an antipsychotic drug.Braz J Med Biol Res.20063942142916612464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZuardiAW.HallakJE.DursunSM.et al.Cannabidiol monotherapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.J Psychopharmacol.20062068368616401651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChhatwalJP.DavisM.MaguschakKA.ResslerKJ.Enhancing cannabinoid neurotransmission augments the extinction of conditioned fear.Neuropsychopharmacology.20053051652415637635
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VarvelSA.WiseLE.NiyuhireF.CravattBF.LichtmanAH.Inhibition of fatty-acid amide hydrolase accelerates acquisition and extinction rates in a spatial memory task.Neuropsychopharmacology.2007321032104117047668
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FrideE.SurisR.WeidenfeldJ.MechoulamR.Differential response to acute and repeated stress in cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout newborn and adult mice.Behav Pharmacol.20051643144016148448
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CalhounPS.SampsonWS.BosworthHB.et al.Drug use and validity of substance use self-reports in veterans seeking help for posttraumatic stress disorder.J Consult Clin Psychol.20006892392711068979
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BarreroFJ.AmpueroI.MoralesB.et al.Depression in Parkinson's disease is related to a genetic polymorphism of the cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1).Pharmacogenomics J.2005513514115668727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GuimaraesFS.ChiarettiTM.GraeffFG.ZuardiAW.Antianxiety effect of cannabidiol in the elevated plus-maze.Psychopharmacology (Berl).19901005585591969666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GuimaraesFS.de AguiarJC.MechoulamR.BreuerA.Anxiolytic effect of cannabidiol derivatives in the elevated plus-maze.Gen Pharmacol.1994251611647913072
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GlassRM.UhlenhuthEH.HartelFW.SchusterCR.FischmanMW.A single dose study of nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid.Psychopharmacology (Berl).1980711371426108592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FabreLF.McLendonD.The efficacy and safety of nabilone (a synthetic cannabinoid) in the treatment of anxiety.J Clin Pharmacol.198121377S382S6117575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BarrattES.BeaverW.WhiteR.The effects of marijuana on human sleep patterns.Biol Psychiatry.1974847544361028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FreemonFR.Effects of marihuana on sleeping states.JAMA.1972220136413654336774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PivikRT.ZarconeV.DementWC.HollisterLE.DeIta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and synhexl: effects on human sleep patterns.Clin Pharmacol Ther.1972134264354337346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FeinbergI.JonesR.WalkerJ.CavnessC.FloydT.Effects of marijuana extract and tetrahydrocannabinol on electroencephalographic sleep patterns.Clin Pharmacol Ther.197619782794178475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FeinbergI.JonesR.WalkerJM.CavnessC.MarchJ.Effects of high dosage deIta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on sleep patterns in man.Clin Pharmacol Ther.197517458466164314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NicholsonAN.TurnerC.StoneBM.RobsonPJ.Effect of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on nocturnal sleep and early-morning behavior in young adults.J Clin Psychopharmacol.20042430531315118485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TashkinDP.ShapiroBJ.LeeYE.HarperCE.Effects of smoked marijuana in experimentally induced asthma.Am Rev Respir Dis.19751123773861099949
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TashkinDP.CalvareseBM.SimmonsMS.ShapiroBJ.Respiratory status of seventy-four habitual marijuana smokers.Chest.1980786997067428453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AbboudRT.SandersHD.Effect of oral administration of delta-tetrahydrocannabinol on airway mechanics in normal and asthmatic subjects.Chest.197670480485789025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TashkinDP.ShapiroBJ.FrankIM.Acute effects of smoked marijuana and oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on specific airway conductance in asthmatic subjects.Am Rev Respir Dis.19741094204284816823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TashkinDP.ShapiroBJ.FrankIM.Acute pulmonary physiologic effects of smoked marijuana and oral 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy young men.N Engl J Med.19732893363414718513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GongH.Jr.TashkinDP.SimmonsMS.CalvareseB.ShapiroBJ.Acute and subacute bronchial effects of oral cannabinoids.Clin Pharmacol Ther.19843526326690168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HartleyJP.NogradySG.SeatonA.Bronchodilator effect of deltaltetrahydrocannabinol.Br J Clin Pharmacol.19785523525656294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WilliamsSJ.HartleyJP.GrahamJD.Bronchodilator effect of deltaltetrahydrocannabinol administered by aerosol of asthmatic patients.Thorax.197631720723797044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BenowitzNL.RosenbergJ.RogersW.BachmanJ.JonesRT.Cardiovascular effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: autonomic nervous mechanisms.Clin Pharmacol Ther.197925440446428189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KanakisC.Jr.PougetJM.RosenKM.The effects of deIta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (cannabis) on cardiac performance with and without beta blockade.Circulation.1976537037071253395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TashkinDP.LevismanJA.AbbasiAS.ShapiroBJ.EllisNM.Short-term effects of smoked marihuana on left ventricular function in man.Chest.1977722026326498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BenowitzNL.JonesRT.Cardiovascular effects of prolonged delta-9tetrahydrocannabinol ingestion.Clin Pharmacol Ther.1975182872971164818
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BenowitzNL.JonesRT.Cardiovascular and metabolic considerations in prolonged cannabinoid administration in man.J Clin Pharmacol.198121214S223S6271827
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GoreIickDA.HeishmanSJ.PrestonKL.NelsonRA.MoolchanET.HuestisMA.The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant attenuates the hypotensive effect of smoked marijuana in male smokers.Am Heart J.2006151754 e751754 e755
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EisohIyMA.HarlandE.MurphyJC.WirthP.WallerCW.Cannabinoids in glaucoma: a primary screening procedure.J Clin Pharmacol.198121472S478S6271842
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ElSohlyMA.HarlandEC.BenigniDA.WallerCW.Cannabinoids in glaucoma II: the effect of different cannabinoids on intraocular pressure of the rabbit.Curr Eye Res.198438418506329602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BuchwaIdA.DerendorfH.JiF.NagarajaNY.WuWM.BodorN.Soft cannabinoid analogues as potential anti-glaucoma agents.Pharmazie.20025710811411878185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaineK.JarvinenK.MechoulamR.BreuerA.JarvinenT.Comparison of the enzymatic stability and intraocular pressure effects of 2-arachidonylglycerol and noladin ether, a novel putative endocannabinoid.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.2002433216322212356827
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaineK.JarvinenK.PateDW.UrttiA.JarvinenT.Effect of the enzyme inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, on the IOP profiles of topical anandamides.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.20024339339711818382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PateDW.JarvinenK.UrttiA.JarhoP.JarvinenT.Ophthalmic arachidonylethanolamide decreases intraocular pressure in normotensive rabbits.Curr Eye Res.1995147917978529418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PorcellaA.CasellasP.GessaGL.PaniL.Cannabinoid receptor CB1 mRNA is highly expressed in the rat ciliary body: implications for the antiglaucoma properties of marihuana.Brain Res Mol Brain Res.1998582402459685662
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ColasantiBK.BrownRE.CraigCR.Ocular hypotension, ocular toxicity, and neurotoxicity in response to marihuana extract and cannabidiol.Gen Pharmacol.1984154794846098513
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ColasantiBK.CraigCR.AllaraRD.Intraocular pressure, ocular toxicity and neurotoxicity after administration of cannabinol or cannabigerol.Exp Eye Res.1984392512596499952
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CoIasantiBK.PowellSR.CraigCR.Intraocular pressure, ocular toxicity and neurotoxicity after administration of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol or cannabichromene.Exp Eye Res.19843863716323206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HepIerRS.FrankIR.Marihuana smoking and intraocular pressure.Jama.19712171392
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MerrittJC.OlsenJL.ArmstrongJR.McKinnonSM.Topical delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in hypertensive glaucomas.J Pharm Pharmacol.19813340416114151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MerrittJC.PerryDD.RussellDN.JonesBF.Topical delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and aqueous dynamics in glaucoma.J Clin Pharmacol.198121467S471S6271841
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MerrittJC.CrawfordWJ.AlexanderPC.AnduzeAL.GelbartSS.Effect of marihuana on intraocular and blood pressure in glaucoma.Ophthalmology.1980872222287053160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PurneIIWD.GreggJM.DeIta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinoI, euphoria and intraocular pressure in man.Ann Ophthalmol.197579219231147519
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CrawfordWJ.MerrittJC.Effects of tetrahydrocannabinol on arterial and intraocular hypertension.IntJ Clin Pharmacol Biopharm.197917191196468444
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TomidaI.Azuara-BIancoA.HouseH.FlintM.PertweeRG.RobsonPJ.Effect of sublingual application of cannabinoids on intraocular pressure: a pilot study.J Glaucoma.20061534935316988594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HallW.ChristieM.CurrowD.Cannabinoids and cancer: causation, remediation, and palliation.Lancet Oncol.20056354215629274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KoganNM.Cannabinoids and cancer.Mini Rev Med Chem.2005594195216250836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BifulcoM.LaezzaC.GazzerroP.PentimalliF.Endocannabinoids as emerging suppressors of angiogenesis and tumor invasion (review).Oncol Rep.20071781381617342320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AguadoT.CarracedoA.JulienB.et al.Cannabinoids induce glioma stem-like cell differentiation and inhibit gliomagenesis.J Biol Chem.20072826854686217202146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MassiP.VaccaniA.BianchessiS.CostaB.MacchiP.ParolaroD.The nonpsychoactive cannabidiol triggers caspase activation and oxidative stress in human glioma cells.Cell Mol Life Sci.2006632057206616909207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BIazquezC.CarracedoA.BarradoL.et al.Cannabinoid receptors as novel targets for the treatment of melanoma.FASEB J.2006202633263517065222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CaffarelMM.SarrioD.PalaciosJ.GuzmanM.SanchezC.Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits cell cycle progression in human breast cancer cells through Cdc2 regulation.Cancer Res.2006666615662116818634
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CarracedoA.GironellaM.LorenteM.et al.Cannabinoids induce apoptosis of pancreatic tumor cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes.Cancer Res.2006666748675516818650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JiaW.HegdeVL.SinghNP.et al.Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced apoptosis in Jurkat leukemia T cells is regulated by translocation of Bad to mitochondria.Mol Cancer Res.2006454956216908594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKallipRJ.JiaW.SchlomerJ.WarrenJW.NagarkattiPS.NagarkattiM.Cannabidiol-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells: A novel role of cannabidiol in the regulation of p22phox and Nox4 expression.Mol Pharmacol.20067089790816754784
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SarfarazS.AfaqF.AdhamiVM.MalikA.MukhtarH.Cannabinoid receptor agonist-induced apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells LNCaP proceeds through sustained activation of ERK1/2 leading to G1 cell cycle arrest.J Biol Chem.2006281394803949117068343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SarnataroD.PisantiS.SantoroA.et al.The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant (SR141716) inhibits human breast cancer cell proliferation through a lipid raft-mediated mechanism.Mol Pharmacol.2006701298130616822929
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GuzmanM.DuarteMJ.BlazquezC.et al.A pilot clinical study of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme.Br J Cancer.20069519720316804518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClungCA.The molecular mechanisms of morphine addiction.Rev Neurosci.20061739340217139840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HarperSJ.JonesNS.Cocaine: what role does it have in current ENT practice? A review of the current literature.J Laryngol Otol.200612080881116848922
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'BrienC. P.Benzodiazepine use, abuse, and dependence.J Clin Psychiatry.200566 SuppI 2283315762817
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaderM.Anxiolytic drugs: dependence, addiction and abuse.Eur Neuropsychopharmacol.1994485917919947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LuetjeCM.WootenJ.Clinical manifestations of transdermal scopolamine addiction.Ear Nose Throat J.1996752102148935644
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• JansenKL.A review of the nonmedical use of ketamine: use, users and consequences.J Psychoactive Drugs.20003241943311210204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JansenKL.Darracot-CankovicR.The nonmedical use of ketamine, part two: A review of problem use and dependence.J Psychoactive Drugs.20013315115811476262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LinazarosoG.van BlercomN.LasaA.[Hypothesis: Parkinson's disease, reward deficiency syndrome and addictive effects of levodopa].Neurologia.20041911712715088161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GreenhillLL.The science of stimulant abuse.Pediatr Ann.20063555255616986449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KarsakM.Cohen-SolalM.FreudenbergJ.et al.Cannabinoid receptor type 2 gene is associated with human osteoporosis.Hum Mol Genet.2005143389339616204352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OfekO.KarsakM.LeclercN.et al.Peripheral cannabinoid receptor, CB2, regulates bone mass.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.200610369670116407142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BeggM.PacherP.BatkaiS.et al.Evidence for novel cannabinoid receptors.Pharmacol Ther.200510613314515866316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FrideE.FooxA.RosenbergE.et al.Milk intake and survival in newborn cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout mice: evidence for a “CB3” receptor.Eur J Pharmacol.2003461273412568912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BakerD.PryceG.DaviesWL.HileyCR.In silico patent searching reveals a new cannabinoid receptor.Trends Pharmacol Sci.2006271416318877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar