344
Views
28
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Clinical Features

Treatment Patterns, Adherence, and Persistence in ADHD: A Canadian Perspective

, PhD, , MSc, , PhD & , PhD
Pages 139-148 | Published online: 13 Mar 2015

References

  • . Faraone SV, Sergeant J, Gillberg C, Biederman J. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: is it an American condition? World Psychiatry. 2003;2(2):104–113
  • . Kessler RC, Adler L, Ames M, . The prevalence and effects of adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder on work performance in a nationally representative sample of workers. J Occup Environ Med. 2005;47(6):565–572
  • . Biederman J, Faraone SV. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet. 2005;366(9481):237–248
  • . Langley K, Fowler T, Ford T, . Adolescent clinical outcomes for young people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2010;196(3):235–240
  • . Kessler RC, Adler L, Barkley R, . The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(4):716–723
  • . Barkley RA. Global issues related to the impact of untreated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from childhood to young adulthood. Postgrad Med. 2008;120(3):48–59
  • . Adler L, Cohen J. Diagnosis and evaluation of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2004;27(2): 187–201
  • . Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164(6):942–948
  • . Froehlich TE, Lanphear BP, Epstein JN, Barbaresi WJ, Katusic SK, Kahn RS. Prevalence, recognition, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a national sample of US children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(9):857–864
  • . Hodgkins P, Sasané R, Meijer WM. Pharmacologic treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: incidence, prevalence, and treatment patter ns in the Netherlands. Clin Ther. 2011;33(2): 188–203
  • . Winterstein AG, Gerhard T, Shuster J, . Utilization of pharmacologic treatment in youths with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Medicaid database. Ann Pharmacother. 2008;42(1): 24–31
  • . Pelham WE, Foster EM, Robb JA. The economic impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Ambul Pediatr. 2007;7( 1 suppl):121–131
  • . Hodgkins P, Montejano L, Sasane R, Huse D. Cost of illness and comorbidities in adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a retrospective analysis. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2011;13(2):e1–e12
  • . Birnbaum HG, Kessler RC, Lowe SW, . Costs of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the US: excess costs of persons with ADHD and their family members in 2000. Curr Med Res Opin. 2005; 21(2):195–206
  • . Laucht M, Skowronek MH, Becker K, . Interacting effects of the dopamine transporter gene and psychosocial adversity on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms among 15-year-olds from a high-risk community sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64(5): 585–590
  • . Indredavik MS, Vik T, Heyerdahl S, Kulseng S, Fayers P, Brubakk AM. Psychiatric symptoms and disorders in adolescents with low birth weight. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2004;89(5):F445–F450
  • . Braun JM, Kahn RS, Froehlich T, Auinger P, Lanphear BP. Exposures to environmental toxicants and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in U.S. children. Environ Health Perspect. 2006;114(12): 1904–1909
  • . Valera EM, Faraone SV, Murray KE, Seidman LJ. Meta-analysis of structural imaging findings in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2007;61(12):1361–1369
  • . Emond V, Joyal C, Poissant H. Structural and functional neuroanatomy of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [in French]. Encephale. 2009;35(2):107–114
  • . Willcutt EG, Doyle AE, Nigg JT, Faraone SV, Pennington BF. Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57(11):1336–1346
  • . Canadian Attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Resource Alliance (CADDRA). Canadian ADHD Practice Guidelines. 3rd ed. Toronto, ON; CADDRA, 2011
  • . Easton N, Steward C, Marshall F, Fone K, Marsden C. Effects of amphetamine isomers, methylphenidate and atomoxetine on synaptosomal and synaptic vesicle accumulation and release of dopamine and noradrenaline in vitro in the rat brain. Neuropharmacology. 2007;52(2):
  • . Heal DJ, Smith SL, Kulkarni RS, Rowley HL. New perspectives from microdialysis studies in freely-moving, spontaneously hypertensive rats on the pharmacology of drugs for the treatment of ADHD. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2008;90(2):184–197
  • . Kuczenski R, Segal DS. Effects of methylphenidate on extracellular dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine: comparison with amphetamine. J Neurochem. 1997;68(5):2032–2037
  • . American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Committee on Quality Improvement. Clinical Practice Guideline: treatment of the school-aged child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2001;108(4): 1033–1044
  • . Asherson P. Clinical assessment and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Expert Rev Neurother. 2005;5(4): 525–539
  • . Banaschewski T, Coghill D, Santosh P, . Long-acting medications for the hyperkinetic disorders. A systematic review and European treatment guideline. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;15(8): 476–495
  • . Hammerness P, Surman C, Miller K. Update on adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2008;8(6): 484–489
  • . Zuvekas SH, Vitiello B, Norquist GS. Recent trends in stimulant medication use among U.S. children. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(4): 579–585
  • . Pliszka S; AACAP Work Group in Quality Issues. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;46(7):894–921
  • . Spencer T, Biederman J, Wilens T, . A large, double-blind, randomized clinical trial of methylphenidate in the treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2005; 57(5):456–463
  • . Kemner JE, Starr HL, Ciccone PE, Hooper–Wood CG, Crockett RS. Outcomes of OROS methylphenidate compared with atomoxetine in children with ADHD: a multicenter, randomized prospective study. Adv Ther. 2005;22(5):498–512
  • . Hosenbocus S, Chahal R. A review of long-acting medications for ADHD in Canada. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;18(4): 331–339
  • . Strattera (atomoxetine hydrochloride). Physicians' Desk Reference. Oradell, NJ: PDR Network; 2011
  • . Guanfacine hydrochloride. Physicians' Desk Reference. Oradell, NJ: PDR Network; 2011
  • . Sallee FR, McGough J, Wigal T, Donahue J, Lyne A, Biederman J. Guanfacine extended release in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;48(2):155–165
  • . Faraone SV, Glatt SJ. A comparison of the efficacy of medications for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using meta-analysis of effect sizes. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;71(6):754–763
  • . World Health Organization. Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action. http://www.who.int/chp/knowledge/publications/adherence_report/en/. Published 2003. Accessed January 3, 2012
  • . Gau SS, Chen SJ, Chou WJ, . National survey of adherence, efficacy, and side effects of methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Taiwan. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008; 69(1):131–140
  • . Faraone SV, Wilens T. Does stimulant treatment lead to substance use disorders? J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64( suppl 11):9–13
  • . Safren SA, Duran P, Yovel I, Perlman CA, Sprich S. Medication adherence in psychopharmacologically treated adults with ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2007;10(3):257–260
  • . Christensen L, Sasané R, Hodgkins P, Harley C, Tetali S. Pharmacological treatment patterns among patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: retrospective claims-based analysis of a managed care population. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26(4):977–989
  • . Perwien A, Hall J, Swensen A, Swindle R. Stimulant treatment patterns and compliance in children and adults with newly treated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Manag Care Pharm. 2004;10(2):122–129
  • . Régie de l'assurance maladie Québec. Studies and statistics. http://www.ramq.gouv.qc.ca/en/statistiques/index.shtml. Accessed September 16, 2011
  • . Von Korff M, Wagner EH, Saunders K. A chronic disease score from automated pharmacy data. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45(2):197–203
  • . Sasane R, Hodgkins P, Meijer W. Treatment stabilization in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: data from the Netherlands. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26(11):2565–2574
  • . Stein MT, Shafer MA, Elliott GR, Levine S. An adolescent who abruptly stops his medication for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1999;20(2):106–110
  • . Garland EJ. Pharmacotherapy of adolescent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: challenges, choices and caveats. J Psychopharmacol. 1998;12(4):385–395
  • . Charach A, Volpe T, Boydell KM, Gearing RE. A theoretical approach to medication adherence for children and youth with psychiatric disorders. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2008;16(2):126–135
  • . Cromer BA, Tarnowski KJ. Noncompliance in adolescents: a review. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1989;10(4):207–215
  • . Faraone SV, Biederman J, Zimmerman B. An analysis of patient adherence to treatment during a 1-year, open-label study of OROS methylphenidate in children with ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2007;11(2): 157–166
  • . Olfson M, Marcus S, Wan G. Stimulant dosing for children with ADHD: a medical claims analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;48(1):51–59
  • . Chou WJ, Chou MC, Tzang RF, . Better efficacy for the osmotic release oral system methylphenidate among poor adherents to immediate-release methylphenidate in the three ADHD subtypes. Psychiatry Clin NeuroSci. 2009;63(2):167–175
  • . Kemner JE, Lage MJ. Effect of methylphenidate formulation on treatment patterns and use of emergency room services. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2006;63(4):317–322
  • . Steele M, Weiss M, Swanson J, Wang J, Prinzo RS, Binder CE. A randomized, controlled effectiveness trial of oros-methylphenidate compared to usual care with immediate-release methylphenidate in attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Can J Clin Pharmacol. 2006; 13(1):e50–e62
  • . Volk HE, Newmann RJ, Todd RD. A systematic evaluation of ADHD and comorbid psychopathology in a population-based twin sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;44(8):768–775

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.