Review of Exercise and the Risk of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

References

• . Roehrborn CG, McConnell JD. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• . Foster CS. Pathology of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate Suppl. 2000;9:4–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Barry MJ, Fowler FJ Jr, O'Leary MP, . The American Urological Association symptom index for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Measurement Committee of the American Urological Association. J Urol. 1992;148(5):1549–1557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Tsang KK, Garraway WM. Impact of benign prostatic hyperplasia on general well-being of men. Prostate. 1993;23(1):1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Badia X, Rodriguez F, Carballido J, . Influence of sociodemographic and health status variables on the American Urological Association symptom scores in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Urology. 2001;57(1):71–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Roehrborn CG, Oesterling JE, Auerbach S, . The Hytrin Community Assessment Trial study: a one-year study of terazosin versus placebo in the treatment of men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. HYCAT Investigator Group. Urology. 1996;47(2):159–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Blanker MH, Groeneveld FP, Prins A, Bernsen RM, Bohnen AM, Bosch JL. Strong effects of definition and nonresponse bias on prevalence rates of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia: the Krimpen study of male urogenital tract problems and general health status. BJU Int. 2000;85(6):665–671.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Berry SJ, Coffey DS, Walsh PC, Ewing LL. The development of human benign prostatic hyperplasia with age. J Urol. 1984;132(3):474–479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Helfand BT, Evans RM, McVary KT. Medical treatment of LUTS/BPH: Analysis of 8.7 million American men. AUA Abstracts 2009.
   Google Scholar
• . Saigal CS, Joyce G. Economic costs of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the private sector. J Urol. 2005;173(4):1309–1313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Ranbaxy. Ranbaxy receives tentative approval from US FDA for tamsulosin capsules.http://www.ranbaxy.com/news/newsdisp.aspx?cp=844&flag=ARC. Accessed October 1, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• . Nandeesha H. Benign prostatic hyperplasia: dietary and metabolic risk factors. Int Urol Nephrol. 2008;40(3):649–656.
   Google Scholar
• . Kristal AR, Arnold KB, Schenk JM, . Race/ethnicity, obesity, health related behaviors and the risk of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: results from the prostate cancer prevention trial. J Urol. 2007;177(4):1395–1400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Platz EA, Kawachi I, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Giovannucci E. Race, ethnicity and benign prostatic hyperplasia in the health professionals follow-up study. J Urol. 2000;163(2):490–495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Kristal AR, Arnold KB, Schenk JM, . Dietary patterns, supplement use, and the risk of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: results from the prostate cancer prevention trial. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;167(8):925–934.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Jacobsen SJ. Risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Curr Urol Rep. 2007;8(4):281–288.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Poon KS, McVary KT. Dietary patterns, supplement use, and the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Curr Urol Rep. 2009;10(4):279–286.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Suzuki S, Platz EA, Kawachi I, Willett WC, Giovannucci E. Intakes of energy and macronutrients and the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;75(4):689–697.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Rohrmann S, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Platz EA. Fruit and vegetable consumption, intake of micronutrients, and benign prostatic hyperplasia in US men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(2):523–529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Satia-Abouta J, Patterson RE, Schiller RN, Kristal AR. Energy from fat is associated with obesity in U.S. men: results from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. Prev Med. 2002;34(5):493–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Ambrosini GL, de Klerk NH, Mackerras D, Leavy J, Fritschi L. Dietary patterns and surgically treated benign prostatic hyperplasia: a case control study in Western Australia. BJU Int. 2008;101(7):853–860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Tavani A, Longoni E, Bosetti C, . Intake of selected micronutrients and the risk of surgically treated benign prostatic hyperplasia: a case-control study from Italy. Eur Urol. 2006;50(3):549–554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Moyad MA. Zinc for prostate disease and other conditions: a little evidence, a lot of hype, and a significant potential problem. Urol Nurs. 2004;24(1):49–52.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Wu K, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL. Zinc supplement use and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95(13):1004–1007.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Johnson AR, Munoz A, Gottlieb JL, Jarrard DF. High dose zinc increases hospital admissions due to genitourinary complications. J Urol. 2007;177(2):639–643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Lagiou P, Wuu J, Trichopoulou A, Hsieh CC, Adami HO, Trichopoulos D. Diet and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study in Greece. Urology. 1999;54(2):284–290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Baar K. Training for endurance and strength: lessons from cell signaling. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38(11):1939–1944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Meigs JB, Mohr B, Barry MJ, Collins MM, McKinlay JB. Risk factors for clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia in a community-based population of healthy aging men. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001;54(9):935–944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Platz EA, Kawachi I, Rimm EB, . Physical activity and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158(21):2349–2356.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Williams PT. Effects of running distance and performance on incident benign prostatic hyperplasia. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(1):1733–1739.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Prezioso D, Catuogno C, Galassi P, D'Andrea G, Castello G, Pirritano D. Life-style in patients with LUTS suggestive of BPH. Eur Urol. 2001;40( suppl 1):9–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Rohrmann S, Crespo CJ, Weber JR, Smit E, Giovannucci E, Platz EA. Association of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity with lower urinary tract symptoms in older American men: findings from the third National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey. BJU Int. 2005;96(1):77–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Rohrmann S, Fallin MD, Page WF, . Concordance rates and modifiable risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms in twins. Epidemiology. 2006;17(4):419–427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Dal Maso L, Zucchetto A, Tavani A, . Lifetime occupational and recreational physical activity and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int J Cancer. 2006;118(10):2632–2635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Gann PH, Hennekens CH, Longcope C, Verhoek-Oftedahl W, Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ. A prospective study of plasma hormone levels, nonhormonal factors, and development of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate. 1995;26(1):40–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Parsons JK, Kashefi C. Physical activity, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lower urinary tract symptoms. Eur Urol. 2008;53(6):1228–1235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Lagiou A, Samoli E, Georgila C, . Occupational physical activity in relation with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2008;17(4):336–339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Hong J, Kwon S, Yoon H, . Risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia in South Korean men. Urol Int. 2006;76(1):11–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Lacey JV Jr, Deng J, Dosemeci M, . Prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia and physical activity in Shanghai, China. Int J Epidemiol. 2001;30(2):341–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Joseph MA, Harlow SD, Wei JT, . Risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms in a population-based sample of African-American men. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157(10):906–914.
   Google Scholar
• . Prezioso D, Scarpa RM, Zattoni F, . Aims and methods. LUTS suggestive of BPH. Eur Urol. 2001;40( suppl 1):2–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Loh AH, Ng KK, Ng FC. Presentation and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a Singapore experience profiling ethnic differences in a multiracial study cohort. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2009;38(5):451–456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Kliewer EV. Benign prostatic hyperplasia morbidity and mortality among immigrants in Australia and Canada. Prostate. 1996;28(4):211–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Lepor H, Shapiro E, Wang B, Liang YC. Comparison of the cellular composition of benign prostatic hyperplasia in Chinese and Caucasian-American men. Urology. 1996;47(1):38–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Iannucci CV, Capoccia D, Calabria M, Leonetti F. Metabolic syndrome and adipose tissue: new clinical aspects and therapeutic targets. Curr Pharm Des. 2007;13(21):2148–2168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Kasturi S, Russell S, McVary KT. Metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Curr Urol Rep. 2006;7(4):288–292.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Rohrmann S, Smit E, Giovannucci E, Platz EA. Associations of obesity with lower urinary tract symptoms and noncancer prostate surgery in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159(4):390–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Chute CG, . Obesity and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Am J Epidemiol. 1994;140(11):989–1002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Dahle SE, Chokkalingam AP, Gao YT, Deng J, Stanczyk FZ, Hsing AW. Body size and serum levels of insulin and leptin in relation to the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol. 2002;168(2):599–604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Troisi RJ, Weiss ST, Parker DR, Sparrow D, Young JB, Landsberg L. Relation of obesity and diet to sympathetic nervous system activity. Hypertension. 1991;17(5):669–677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Eikelis N, Schlaich M, Aggarwal A, Kaye D, Esler M. Interactions between leptin and the human sympathetic nervous system. Hypertension. 2003;41(5):1072–1079.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Kramer G, Marberger M. Could inflammation be a key component in the progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia? Curr Opin Urol. 2006;16(1):25–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Madsen FA, Bruskewitz RC. Benign prostatic hyperplasia: pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1995;4(5):455–459.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Furuya S, Kumamoto Y, Yokoyama E, Tsukamoto T, Izumi T, Abiko Y. Alpha-adrenergic activity and urethral pressure in prostatic zone in benign prostatic hypertrophy. J Urol. 1982;128(4):836–839.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Kirby RS. Alpha-adrenoceptor inhibitors in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Am J Med. 1989;87(2A):26S–30S.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Forray C, Bard JA, Wetzel JM, . The alpha 1-adrenergic receptor that mediates smooth muscle contraction in human prostate has the pharmacological properties of the cloned human alpha 1c subtype. Mol Pharmacol. 1994;45:703–708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . McVary KT, Rademaker A, Lloyd GL, Gann P. Autonomic nervous system overactivity in men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol. 2005;174(4 pt 1):1327–1433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Hammarsten J, Högstedt B. Clinical, anthropometric, metabolic and insulin profile of men with fast annual growth rates of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Blood Press.1999;8(1):29–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Hammarsten J, Högstedt B, Holthuis N, Mellström D. Components of the metabolic syndrome-risk factors for the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 1998;1(3):157–162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Hammarsten J, Damber JE, Karlsson M, . Insulin and free oestradiol are independent risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2009;12(2):160–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Ozden C, Ozdal OL, Urgancioglu G, Koyuncu H, Gokkaya S, Memis A. The correlation between metabolic syndrome and prostatic growth in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur Urol. 2007;51(1):199–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Duncan GE. Exercise, fitness, and cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Diab Rep. 2006;6(1):29–35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Neuhouser ML, Schenk J, Song YJ, . Insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and risk of benign prostate hyperplasia in the prostate cancer prevention trial. Prostate. 2008;68(13):1477–1486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Chokkalingam AP, Pollak M, Fillmore CM, . Insulin-like growth factors and prostate cancer: a population-based case-control study in China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001;10(5):421–427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Andriole G, Bruchovsky N, Chung LW, . Dihydrotestosterone and the prostate: the scientific rationale for 5alpha-reductase inhibitors in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol. 2004;172(4 pt 1):1399–1403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Zhu YS, Imperato-McGinley JL. 5alpha-reductase isozymes and androgen actions in the prostate. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009;1155:43–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Roehrborn CG, Boyle P, Nickel JC, . Efficacy and safety of a dual inhibitor of 5-alpha-reductase types 1 and 2 (dutasteride) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology. 2002;60(3):434–441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Elias AN, Wilson AF. Exercise and gonadal function. Hum Reprod. 1993;8(10):1747–1761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Hackney AC. Endurance exercise training and reproductive endocrine dysfunction in men: alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. Curr Pharm Des. 2001;7(4):261–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Hackney AC, Moore AW, Brownlee KK. Testosterone and endurance exercise: development of the “exercise-hypogonadal male condition.” Acta Physiol Hung. 2005;92(2):121–137.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Hackney AC, Szczepanowska E, Viru AM. Basal testicular testosterone production in endurance-trained men is suppressed. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;89(2):198–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA. Hormonal responses and adaptations to resistance exercise and training. Sports Med. 2005;35(4):339–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Nickel JC, Roehrborn CG, O'Leary MP, Bostwick DG, Somerville MC, Rittmaster RS. The relationship between prostate inflammation and lower urinary tract symptoms: examination of baseline data from the REDUCE trial. Eur Urol. 2008;54(6):1379–1384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Kramer G, Mitteregger D, Marberger M. Is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) an immune inflammatory disease? Eur Urol. 2007;51(5):1202–1216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Aryal M, Pandeya A, Bas BK, . Oxidative stress in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2007;46(167):103–106.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Sikka SC. Role of oxidative stress response elements and antioxidants in prostate cancer pathobiology and chemoprevention—a mechanistic approach. Curr Med Chem. 2003;10(24):2679–2692.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Moyad MA, Carroll PR. Lifestyle recommendations to prevent prostate cancer, part II: time to redirect our attention? Urol Clin North Am. 2004;31(2):301–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Moyad MA, Carroll PR. Lifestyle recommendations to prevent prostate cancer, part I: time to redirect our attention? Urol Clin North Am. 2004;31(2):289–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Pritchett AM, Foreyt JP, Mann DL. Treatment of the metabolic syndrome: the impact of lifestyle modification. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2005;7(2):95–102.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Stone NJ, Saxon D. Approach to treatment of the patient with metabolic syndrome: lifestyle therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96(4A):15E–21E.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Kokkinos P. Physical activity and cardiovascular disease prevention: current recommendations. Angiology. 2008;59( 2 suppl):26S–29S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Marcus BH, Williams DM, Dubbert PM, et al; American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity); American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Interdisciplinary Working Group on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research. Physical activity intervention studies: what we know and what we need to know: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity); Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; and the Interdisciplinary Working Group on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research. Circulation. 2006;114(24):2739–2752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN, . Physical activity and public health. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. JAMA. 1995;273(5):402–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, . Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(8):1423–1434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Williams MA, Haskell WL, Ades PA, et al; American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology; American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation. 2007;116(5):572–584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Meka N, Katragadda S, Cherian B, Arora RR. Endurance exercise and resistance training in cardiovascular disease. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis. 2008;2(2):115–121.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Tresierras MA, Balady GJ. Resistance training in the treatment of diabetes and obesity: mechanisms and outcomes. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2009;29(2):67–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Gordon BA, Benson AC, Bird SR, Fraser SF. Resistance training improves metabolic health in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2009;83(2):157–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Colberg SR, Grieco CR. Exercise in the treatment and prevention of diabetes. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2009;8(4):169–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Phillips SM. Resistance exercise: good for more than just Grandma and Grandpa's muscles. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2007;32(6):1198–1205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Lakka TA, Laaksonen DE. Physical activity in prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2007;32(1):76–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Nelson ME, Rejeski WJ, Blair SN, . Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(8):1435–1445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar