Long-Term use of Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol Fixed-Dose Combination and Incidence of Nonvertebral Fractures among Patients with COPD in the UK General Practice Research Database

References

• . The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). http://www.goldcopd.com. Accessed January 6, 2009
   Google Scholar
• . Alsaeedi A, Sin DD, McAlister FA. The effects of inhaled corticosteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Am J Med. 2002;113(1):59–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Biskobing DM. COPD and osteoporosis. Chest. 2002;121(2):609–620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Rossi GA, Cerasoli F, Cazzola M. Safety of inhaled corticosteroids: room for improvement. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2007;20(1):23–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Weinstein RS, Jilka RL, Parfitt AM, Manolagas SC. Inhibition of osteoblastogenesis and promotion of apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes by glucocorticoids. Potential mechanisms of their deleterious effects on bone. J Clin Invest. 1998;102(2):274–282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Masoli M, Holt S, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Dose-response relationship of inhaled budesonide in adult asthma: a meta-analysis. Eur Respir J. 2004;23(4):552–558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Barnes PJ, Pedersen S, Busse WW. Efficacy and safety of inhaled corticosteroids. New developments. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157(3 pt 2):S1–S53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Holt S, Suder A, Weatherall M, Cheng S, Shirtcliffe P, Beasley R. Dose-response relation of inhaled fluticasone propionate in adolescents and adults with asthma: meta-analysis. BMJ. 2001;323(7307):253–256
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Jones A, Fay JK, Burr M, Stone M, Hood K, Roberts G. Inhaled corticosteroid effects on bone metabolism in asthma and mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002(1):CD003537
   Google Scholar
• . Pauwels RA, Löfdahl CG, Laitinen LA,. Long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide in persons with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who continue smoking. European Respiratory Society Study on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(25):1948–1953
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Burge PS, Calverley PM, Jones PW, Spencer S, Anderson JA, Maslen TK. Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of fluticasone propionate in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the ISOLDE trial. BMJ. 2000;320(7245):1297–1303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B,. Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(8):775–789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Ferguson GT, Calverley PM, Anderson JA,. Prevalence and progression of osteoporosis in patients with COPD: results from the TOwards a Revolution in COPD Health study. Chest. 2009;136(6):1456–1465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Johannes CB, Schneider GA, Dube TJ, Alfredson TD, Davis KJ, Walker AM. The risk of nonvertebral fracture related to inhaled corticosteroid exposure among adults with chronic respiratory disease. Chest. 2005;127(1):89–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . de Vries F, Pouwels S, Lammers JW,. Use of inhaled and oral glucocorticoids, severity of inflammatory disease and risk of hip/femur fracture: a population-based case-control study. J Intern Med. 2007;261(2):170–177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . de Vries F, van Staa TP, Bracke MS, Cooper C, Leufkens HG, Lammers JW. Severity of obstructive airway disease and risk of osteoporotic fracture. Eur Respir J. 2005;25(5):879–884
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Nuti R, Siviero P, Maggi S,. Vertebral fractures in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the EOLO Study. Osteoporos Int. 2009;20(6):989–998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Dam TT, Harrison S, Fink HA, Ramsdell J, Barrett-Connor E; Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Research Group. Bone mineral density and fractures in older men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. Osteoporos Int. 2009;21(8):1341–1349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Hubbard R, Tattersfield A, Smith C, West J, Smeeth L, Fletcher A. Use of inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of fracture. Chest. 2006;130(4):1082–1088
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Suissa S, Baltzan M, Kremer R, Ernst P. Inhaled and nasal corticosteroid use and the risk of fracture. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;169(1):83–88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Pujades-Rodriguez M, Smith CJ, Hubbard RB. Inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of fracture in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. QJM. 2007;100(8):509–517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Lawson DH, Sherman V, Hollowell J. The General Practice Research Database. Scientific and Ethical Advisory Group. QJM. 1998;91(6):445–452
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Nazareth I, King M, Haines A, Rangel L, Myers S. Accuracy of diagnosis of psychosis on general practice computer system. BMJ. 1993;307(6895):32–34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma Update on Selected Topics—2002. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;110( 5 suppl):S141–S219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Lee TA, Weiss KB. Fracture risk associated with inhaled corticosteroid use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;169(7):855–859
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . van Staa TP, Leufkens HG, Cooper C. Use of inhaled corticosteroids and risk of fractures. J Bone Miner Res. 2001;16(3):581–588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Soriano JB, Maier WC, Visick G, Pride NB. Validation of general practitioner-diagnosed COPD in the UK General Practice Research Database. Eur J Epidemiol. 2001;17(12):1075–1080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar