Using Viscosupplementation to Treat Knee Osteoarthritis

References

• . Moreland LW. Intra-articular hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) and hylans for the treatment of osteoarthritis: mechanisms of action. Arthritis Res Ther. 2003;5(2):54–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A National Public Health Agenda for Osteoarthritis: 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/docs/oaagenda.pdf. Accessed February 25, 2013
   Google Scholar
• . Felson DT, Gross KD, Nevitt MC, . The effects of impaired joint position sense on the development and progression of pain and structural damage in knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61(8):1070–1076
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Loeser RF, Goldring SR, Scanzello CR, Goldring MB. Osteoarthritis: a disease of the joint as an organ. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(6):1697–1707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Goldring MB, Otero M. Inflammation in osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2011;23(5):471–478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Balazs EA, Watson D, Duff IF, Roseman S. Hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid. I. Molecular parameters of hyaluronic acid in normal and arthritic human fluids. Arthritis Rheum. 1967;10(4):357–376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Wobig M, Beks P, Dickhut A, Maier R, Vetter G. Open-label multicenter trial of the safety and efficacy of viscosupplementation with hylan G-F 20 (Synvisc) in primary osteoarthritis of the knee. J Clin Rheumatol. 1999;5( Suppl):S24–S31
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Briggs KK, Matheny LM, Steadman JR. Can Hylan G-F 20 with corticosteroid meet the expectations of osteoarthritis patients? Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2012;41(7):311–315
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Murphy L, Schwartz TA, Helmick CG, . Lifetime risk of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59(9):1207–1213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Hochberg MC, Altman RD, April KT, ; American College of Rheumatology. American College of Rheumatology 2012 recommendations for the use of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies in osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64(4):465–474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Nakasone Y, Watabe K, Watanabe K, . Effect of a glucosamine-based combination supplement containing chondroitin sulfate and antioxidant micronutrients in subjects with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study. Exp Ther Med. 2011;2(5):893–899
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Zhang W, Nuki G, Moskowitz RW, . OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis: part III: Changes in evidence following systematic cumulative update of research published through January 2009. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2010;18(4):476–499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Zhang W, Moskowitz RW, Nuki G, . OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, Part II: OARSI evidence-based, expert consensus guidelines. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008;16(2):137–162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee, 2nd edition. http://www.aaos.org/research/guidelines/guidelineoaknee.asp. Accessed February 25, 2013
   Google Scholar
• . McDonald D, Walsh S. Older adult osteoarthritis pain management: results from the 2008 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2012;24(2):107–112
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Balazs EA. Some aspects of the aging and radiation sensitivity of the intercellular matrix with special regard to hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid and vitreous. Aging of Connective and Skeletal Tissue. 1969;107–122
   Google Scholar
• . Bagga H, Burkhardt D, Sambrook P, March L. Longterm effects of intraarticular hyaluronan on synovial fluid in osteoarthritis of the knee. J Rheumatol. 2006;33(5):946–950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Waddell DD, Bert JM. The use of hyaluronan after arthroscopic surgery of the knee. Arthroscopy. 2010;26(1):105–111
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Grecomoro G, La Sala F, Francavilla G. Rheologic changes in the synovial fluid of patients with gonarthritis induced by intraarticular infiltration of hyaluronic acid. Int J Tissue React. 2001;23(2):67–71
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Frizziero L, Pasquali-Ronchetti I. Intra-articular treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: an arthroscopic and clinical comparison between sodium hyaluronate (500–730 kDa) and methylprednisolone acetate. J Orthopaed Traumatol. 2002;3(2):89–96
   Google Scholar
• . Marshall KW. Intra-articular hyaluronan therapy. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2000;12(5):468–474
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Wang Y, Hall S, Hanna F, . Effects of Hylan G-F 20 supplementation on cartilage preservation detected by magnetic resonance imaging in osteoarthritis of the knee: a two-year single-blind clinical trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011;12:195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Smith MM, Ghosh P. The synthesis of hyaluronic acid by human synovial fibroblasts is influenced by the nature of the hyaluronate in the extracellular environment. Rheumatol Int. 1987;7(3):113–122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Goldberg VM, Goldberg L. Intra-articular hyaluronans: the treatment of knee pain in osteoarthritis. J Pain Res. 2010;3:51–56
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Synvisc-One® (hylan G-F 20) Prescribing Information. Genzyme Biosurgery
   Google Scholar
• . Wobig M, Bach G, Beks P, . The role of elastoviscosity in the efficacy of viscosupplementation for osteoarthritis of the knee: a comparison of hylan G-F 20 and a lower-molecular-weight hyaluronan. Clin Ther. 1999;21(9):1549–1562
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Euflexxa (1% sodium hyaluronate) Prescribing Information. Ferring Pharmaceuticals
   Google Scholar
• . Hyalgan (sodium hyaluronate) Prescribing Information. sanofi-aventis US LLC
   Google Scholar
• . Supartz (sodium hyaluronate) Prescribing Information. Seikagaku Corporation
   Google Scholar
• . Orthovisc (sodium hyaluronate) Prescribing Information. Anika Pharmaceuticals
   Google Scholar
• . Gel-One (cross-linked hyaluronate) Prescribing Information. Seikagaku Corporation
   Google Scholar
• . Synvisc (hylan G-F 20) Prescribing Information. Genzyme Biosurgery
   Google Scholar
• . Altman RD, Rosen JE, Bloch DA, Hatoum HT, Korner P. A double-blind, randomized, saline-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of EUFLEXXA for treatment of painful osteoarthritis of the knee, with an open-label safety extension (the FLEXX trial). Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2009;39(1):1–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Altman RD, Moskowitz R. Intraarticular sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized clinical trial. Hyalgan Study Group. J Rheumatol. 1998;25(11):2203–2212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Carrabba MP, Paresce E, Angelini M, Re KA, Torchiana EEM, Rerbellini A. The safety and efficacy of different dose schedules of hyaluronic acid in the treatment of painful osteoarthritis of the knee with joint effusion. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1995;15(1):25–31
   Google Scholar
• . Corrado EM, Peluso GF, Gigliotti S, . The effects of intra-articular administration of hyaluronic acid on osteoarthritis of the knee: a clinical study with immunological and biochemical evaluations. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1995;15(1):47–56
   Google Scholar
• . Dixon AS, Jacoby RK, Berry H, Hamilton EBD. Clinical trial of intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Curr Med Res Opin. 1988;11(4):205–213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Grecomoro G, Martorana U, Di Marco C. Intra-articular treatment with sodium hyaluronate in gonarthrosis: a controlled clinical trial versus placebo. Pharmatherapeutica. 1987;5(2):137–141
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Huskisson EC, Donnelly S. Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Rheumatology (Oxford). 1999;38(7):602–607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Brandt KD, Block JA, Michalski JP, Moreland LW, Caldwell JR, Lavin PT. Efficacy and safety of intraarticular sodium hyaluronate in knee osteoarthritis. ORTHOVISC Study Group. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001;(385):130–143
   Google Scholar
• . Day R, Brooks P, Conaghan PG, Petersen M; Multicenter Trial Group. A double blind, randomized, multicenter, parallel group study of the effectiveness and tolerance of intraarticular hyaluronan in osteoarthritis of the knee. J Rheumatol. 2004;31(4):775–782
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Puhl W, Bernau A, Greiling H, . Intra-articular sodium hyaluronate in osteoarthritis of the knee: a multicenter, double-blind study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1993;1(4):233–241
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Scale D, Wobig M, Wolpert W. Viscosupplementation of osteoarthritic knees with hylan: a treatment schedule study. Curr Ther Res. 1994;55(3):220–232
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Wobig M, Dickhut A, Maier R, Vetter G. Viscosupplementation with hylan G-F 20: a 26-week controlled trial of efficacy and safety in the osteoarthritic knee. Clin Ther. 1998;20(3):410–423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Tamir E, Robinson D, Koren R, Agar G, Halperin N. Intra-articular hyaluronan injections for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001;19(3):265–270
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Creamer P, Sharif M, George E, . Intra-articular hyaluronic acid in osteoarthritis of the knee: an investigation into mechanisms of action. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1994;2(2):133–140
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Henderson EB, Smith EC, Pegley F, Blake DR. Intra-articular injections of750 kDa hyaluronan in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a randomised single centre double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 91 patients demonstrating lack of efficacy. Ann Rheum Dis. 1994;53(8):529–534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Lundsgaard C, Dufour N, Fallentin E, Winkel P, Gluud C. Intra-articular sodium hyaluronate 2 mL versus physiological saline 20 mL versus physiological saline 2 mL for painful knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial. Scand J Rheumatol. 2008;37(2):142–150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Dougados M, Nguyen M, Listrat V, Amor B. High molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (hyalectin) in osteoarthritis of the knee: a 1 year placebo-controlled trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1993;1(2):97–103
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Jubb RW, Piva S, Beinat L, Dacre J, Gishen P. A one-year, randomised, placebo (saline) controlled clinical trial of 500–730 kDa sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) on the radiological change in osteoarthritis of the knee. Int J Clin Pract. 2003;57(6):467–474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Kotevoglu N, Iybozkurt PC, Hz O, Toktas H, Kuran B. A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial comparing the efficacy of different molecular weight hyaluronan solutions in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2006;26(4):325–330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Neustadt D, Caldwell J, Bell M, Wade J, Gimbel J. Clinical effects of intraarticular injection of high molecular weight hyaluronan (Orthovisc) in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial. J Rheumatol. 2005;32(10):1928–1936
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Lohmander LS, Dalen N, Englund G, . Intra-articular hyaluronan injections in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled multicentre trial. Hyaluronan Multicentre Trial Group. Ann Rheum Dis. 1996;55(7):424–431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Dickson DJ, Hosie G, English JR. A double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of hylan G-F 20 against diclofenac in knee osteoarthritis. J Clin Res. 2001;4:41–52
   Google Scholar
• . Huang TL, Chang CC, Lee CH, Chen SC, Lai CH, Tsai SL. Intra-articular injections of sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) in osteoarthritis of the knee. A randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial in the Asian population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011;12:221
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Jorgensen A, Stengaard-Pedersen K, Simonsen O, . Intra-articular hyaluronan is without clinical effect in knee osteoarthritis: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of 337 patients followed for 1 year. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(6):1097–1102
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Kul-Panza E, Berker N. Is hyaluronate sodium effective in the management of knee osteoarthritis? A placebo-controlled double-blind study. Minerva Med. 2010;101(2):63–72
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Sezgin M, Demirel AC, Karaca C, . Does hyaluronan affect inflammatory cytokines in knee osteoarthritis? Rheumatol Int. 2005;25(4):264–269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Karlsson J, Sjogren LS, Lohmander LS. Comparison of two hyaluronan drugs and placebo in patients with knee osteoarthritis. A controlled, randomized, double-blind, parallel-design multicentre study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002;41(11):1240–1248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Strand V, Baraf HS, Lavin PT, Lim S, Hosokawa H. A multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing a single intra-articular injection of Gel-200, a new cross-linked formulation of hyaluronic acid, to phosphate buffered saline for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2012;20(5):350–356
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Chevalier X, Jerosch J, Goupille P, . Single, intra-articular treatment with 6 ml hylan G-F 20 in patients with symptomatic primary osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(1):113–119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Cubukcu D, Ardic F, Karabulut N, Topuz O. Hylan G-F 20 efficacy on articular cartilage quality in patients with knee osteoarthritis: clinical and MRI assessment. Clin Rheumatol. 2005;24(4):336–341
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Karatosun V, Unver B, Gocen Z, Sen A. Comparison of two hyaluronan drugs in patients with advanced osteoarthritis of the knee. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study with long term follow-up. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2005;23(2):213–218
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Atamaz F, Kirazli Y, Akkoc Y. A comparison of two different intra-articular hyaluronan drugs and physical therapy in the management of knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2006;26(10):873–878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Juni P, Reichenbach S, Trelle S, ; Swiss Viscosupplementation Trial Group. Efficacy and safety of intraarticular hylan or hyaluronic acids for osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(11):3610–3619
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Bayramoglu M, Karatas M, Cetin N, Akman N, Sozay S, Dilek A. Comparison of two different viscosupplements in knee osteoarthritis–a pilot study. Clin Rheumatol. 2003;22(2):118–122
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Chou CW, Lue KH, Lee HS, Lin RC, Lu KH. Hylan G-F 20 has better pain relief and cost-effectiveness than sodium hyaluronate in treating early osteoarthritic knees in Taiwan. J Formos Med AsSoc. 2009;108(8):663–672
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Rolf CG, Engstrom B, Öhrvik J, Valentin J, Lija B, Levin DW. A comparative study of the efficacy and safety of hyaluronan viscosupplements and placebo in patients with symptomatic and arthroscopy-verified cartilage pathology. J Clin Res. 2005;8:15–32
   Google Scholar
• . Raman R, Dutta A, Day N, Sharma HK, Shaw CJ, Johnson GV. Efficacy of Hylan G-F 20 and sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee–a prospective randomized clinical trial. Knee. 2008;15(4):318–324
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Brzusek D, Petron D. Treating knee osteoarthritis with intra-articular hyaluronans. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008;24(12):3307–3322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Waddell DD. The tolerability of viscosupplementation: low incidence and clinical management of local adverse events. Curr Med Res Opin. 2003;19(7):575–580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Waddell D, Estey D, Bricker DC, Marsala A. Viscosupplementation under fluoroscopic control. Am J Med Sports. 2001;3:237–241,249
   Google Scholar
• . Conrozier T, Jerosch J, Beks P, . Prospective, multi-centre, randomised evaluation of the safety and efficacy of five dosing regimens of viscosupplementation with hylan G-F 20 in patients with symptomatic tibio-femoral osteoarthritis: a pilot study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2009;129(3):417–423
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Bernardeau C, Bucki B, Lioté F. Acute arthritis after intra-articular hyaluronate injection: onset of effusions without crystal. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60(5):518–520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Dragomir CL, Scott JL, Perino G, Adler R, Fealy S, Goldring MB. Acute inflammation with induction of anaphylatoxin C5a and terminal complement complex C5b–9 associated with multiple intra-articular injections of hylan G-F 20: a case report. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2012;20(7):791–795
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Kroesen S, Schmid W, Theiler R. Induction of an acute attack of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate arthritis by intra-articular injection of hylan G-F 20 (Synvisc). Clin Rheumatol. 2000;19(2):147–149
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Leopold SS, Warme WJ, Pettis PD, Shott S. Increased frequency of acute local reaction to intra-articular hylan GF–20 (Synvisc) in patients receiving more than one course of treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84-A(9):1619–1623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Mandl LA, Hotchkiss RN, Adler RS, . Injectable hyaluronan for the treatment of carpometacarpal osteoarthritis: open label pilot trial. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009;25(9):2103–2108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Michou L, Job-Deslandre C, de Pinieux G, Kahan A. Granulomatous synovitis after intraarticular Hylan GF-20. A report of two cases. Joint Bone Spine. 2004;71(5):438–440
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Puttick MP, Wade JP, Chalmers A, Connell DG, Rangno KK. Acute local reactions after intraarticular hylan for osteoarthritis of the knee. J Rheumatol. 1995;22(7):1311–1314
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Luzar MJ, Altawil B. Pseudogout following intraarticular injection of sodium hyaluronate. Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41(5):939–940
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Idrissi Z, Benbouazza K, Fourtassi M, El Aadmi M, Zanat F, Hajjaj-Hassouni N. Acute pseudo-septic arthritis following viscosuplementation of the knee. Pan Afr Med J. 2012;12:44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Roos J, Epaulard O, Juvin R, Chen C, Pavese P, Brion JP. Acute pseudoseptic arthritis after intraarticular sodium hyaluronan. Joint Bone Spine. 2004;71(4):352–354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Tahiri L, Benbouazza K, Amine B, Hajjaj-Hassouni N. Acute pseudoseptic arthritis after viscosupplementation of the knee: a case report. Clin Rheumatol. 2007;26(11):1977–1979
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Caborn D, Rush J, Lanzer W, Parenti D, Murray C; Synvisc 901 Study Group. A randomized, single-blind comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of hylan G-F 20 and triamcinolone hexacetonide in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. J Rheumatol. 2004;31(2):333–343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Langworthy MJ, Saad A, Langworthy NM. Conservative treatment modalities and outcomes for osteoarthritis: the concomitant pyramid of treatment. Phys SportsMed. 2010;38(2):133–145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Larson AM, Polson J, Fontana RJ, ; Acute Liver Failure Study Group. Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: results of a United States multicenter, prospective study. Hepatology. 2005;42(6):1364–1372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . FDA. FDA acetaminophen announcement. www.medicaid.nv.gov/Downloads/provider/web_announcement_468_20120425.pdf.2012. Accessed on February 25, 2013
   Google Scholar
• . Reid MC, Shengelia R, Parker SJ. Pharmacologic management of osteoarthritis-related pain in older adults: a review shows that many drug therapies provide small-to-modest pain relief. Orthop Nurs. 2012;31(2):109–114
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Antman EM, Bennett JS, Daugherty A, Furberg C, Roberts H, Taubert K; American Heart Association. Use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: an update for clinicians: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007;115(12):1634–1642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Celebrex (celecoxib) Prescribing Information. Pfizer Inc
   Google Scholar
• . Blumstein H, Gorevic PD. Rheumatologic illnesses: treatment strategies for older adults. Geriatrics. 2005;60(6):28–35
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Altman RD, Smith HS. Opioid therapy for osteoarthritis and chronic low back pain. Postgrad Med. 2010;122(6):87–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Raynauld JP, Torrance G, Band P, . A prospective, randomized, pragmatic, health outcomes trial evaluating the incorporation of hylan G-F 20 into the treatment paradigm for patients with knee osteoarthritis (part 1 of 2): clinical results. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2002;10(7):506–517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Kahan A, Lleu PL, Salin L. Prospective randomized study comparing the medicoeconomic benefits of hylan G-F 20 vs. conventional treatment in knee osteoarthritis. Joint Bone Spine. 2003;70(4):276–281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Kemper F, Gebhardt U, Meng T, Murray C. Tolerability and short-term effectiveness of hylan G-F 20 in 4253 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee in clinical practice. Curr Med Res Opin. 2005;21(8):1261–1269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Waddell DD, Bricker D. Clinical experience with the effectiveness and tolerability of hylan G-F 20 in 1047 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. J Knee Surg. 2006;19(1):19–27
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Lee C, Straus WL, Balshaw R, Barlas S, Vogel S, Schnitzer TJ. A comparison of the efficacy and safety of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents versus acetaminophen in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;51(5):746–754
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Lussier A, Cividino AA, McFarlane CA, Olszynski WP, Potashner WJ, De Medicis R. Viscosupplementation with hylan for the treatment of osteoarthritis: findings from clinical practice in Canada. J Rheumatol. 1996;23(9):1579–1585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Evanich JD, Evanich CJ, Wright MB, Rydlewicz JA. Efficacy of intraarticular hyaluronic acid injections in knee osteoarthritis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001;(390):173–181
   Google Scholar
• . Neustadt DH. Long-term efficacy and safety of intra-articular sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2003;21(3):307–311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Huang MH, Yang RC, Lee CL, Chen TW, Wang MC. Preliminary results of integrated therapy for patients with knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;53(6):812–820
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Tetik S, Ones K, Tetik C. Efficacy of intra-articular hylan G-F 20 on osteoarthritis of the knee. Pain Clinic. 2003;15(4):459–466
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Adams ME, Atkinson MH, Lussier AJ, . The role of viscosupplementation with hylan G-F 20 (Synvisc) in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a Canadian multicenter trial comparing hylan G-F 20 alone, hylan G-F 20 with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and NSAIDs alone. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1995;3(4):213–225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Lee SC, Rha DW, Chang WH. Rapid analgesic onset of intra-articular hyaluronic acid with ketorolac in osteoarthritis of the knee. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2011;24(1):31–38
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• . Grecomoro G, Piccione F, Letizia G. Therapeutic synergism between hyaluronic acid and dexamethasone in the intra-articular treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a preliminary open study. Curr Med Res Opin. 1992;13(1):49–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . Ozturk C, Atamaz F, Hepguler S, Argin M, Arkun R. The safety and efficacy of intraarticular hyaluronan with/without corticosteroid in knee osteoarthritis: 1-year, single-blind, randomized study. Rheumatol Int. 2006;26(4):314–319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• . de Campos GC, Rezende MU, Pailo AF, Frucchi R, Camargo OP. Adding triamcinolone improves viscosupplementation: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013;471(2):613–620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar