199
Views
22
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Reduction of nitrogen excretion and emissions from poultry: a review for conventional poultry

, , , &
Pages 509-520 | Received 06 Jul 2015, Accepted 04 Apr 2016, Published online: 23 Sep 2019
 

Abstract

Reduction of potential environmental pollutants is a major issue for the sustainable development of the poultry industry. Accumulation of excessive manure and nitrogen poses a risk to animal and human health and ground and surface water cleanliness. In conventional poultry, synthetic amino acids and enzyme supplementations are commonly used to balance the diet and improve digestibility of nutritive compounds. However, diet preparation with sufficient nutrients and minimum amount of excessive nitrogen which still provides optimal growth and health performance continues to be a challenge. This review focuses on various approaches leading to improvement of feed formulation in conventional poultry production systems. The use of crystalline amino acids and genetically engineered plant protein sources in the conventional poultry industry with regard to optimisation of nitrogen level in poultry diets are discussed, and the application of the ideal protein ratio concept in poultry feed preparation as a tool for nitrogen level optimisation is outlined.

Acknowledgements

This review was supported in part by the University of Georgia Faculty Research Grant and the University of Georgia Startup Grant to author W.K.K and USDA/CREES NIFSI no. 2008-51110-04439 and USDA-SARE project #LS11-245 grants to author SCR.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.