Central Composite Design (CCD) and Box-Behnken Design (BBD) for the Optimization of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) Based Pipette Tip Micro-Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Chlorpyrifos in Food and Juice

Abstract

A novel micro-solid phase extraction protocol based on a new molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sorbent is reported for the isolation of chlorpyrifos from rice, juice and fish samples followed by spectrophotometric determination. The MIP sorbent was packed into a pipette tip. The type and volume of the eluent, pH, mass of MIP, sample volume, and number of extraction and elution cycles were evaluated utilizing a one-variable-at-a-time protocol, central composite design, and Box-Behnken design. The results demonstrated the optimum performance of central composite design. The linear range under the optimal conditions for chlorpyrifos was from 1 to 1000 µg L⁻¹ with a limit of detection of 0.17 µg L⁻¹ and a relative standard deviation less than 4.3%. The protocol was successfully employed for the determination of trace concentrations of chlorpyrifos in fish, juice, and rice.

Keywords:

• Central composite design
• Box-Behnken design
• molecularly imprinted polymer
• solid phase extraction (SPE)
• pipette tip micro-solid phase extraction (PT-µSPE)
• spectrophotometry
• chlorpyrifos

Acknowledgement

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support received from the Research Council of Chabahar Maritime University.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.