Nafion–Titanium (IV) Oxide-Graphene Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) Based Electrochemical Sensor for the Voltammetric Determination of the β-blocker Bisoprolol Fumarate

Abstract

A Nafion–titanium (IV) oxide-graphene modified glassy carbon electrode (n-TiO₂-GR/GCE) was used for the electrochemical determination of bisoprolol fumarate (BF). The modified electrode was prepared by depositing Nafion–titanium (IV) oxide-graphene onto the glassy carbon electrode by simple drop-casting. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) were used in the electrochemical determination of bisoprolol fumarate. The linear working range of bisoprolol fumarate for n-TiO₂-GR/GCE DPV was from 3.0 × 10⁻⁷ to 5.0 × 10⁻⁶mol L⁻¹ and the detection limit was 1.01 × 10⁻⁷mol L⁻¹. In addition, with this developed method, the determination of bisoprolol fumarate in tablets was successfully performed with a recovery of 98.65%.

Keywords:

• Bisoprolol fumarate
• differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)
• electrochemical sensor
• graphene
• titanium (IV) oxide

Disclosure Statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that influenced the work reported in this paper.