Application of Successional Theory to Tundra Restoration: A Review

Abstract

Life-history traits of individual species, competitive interactions, and facilitation all contribute to the pattern and rate of succession in tundra ecosystems. An understanding of these natural successional processes will permit the development of effective strategies for restoration of disturbed areas in tundra. In mesic disturbed sites, the soil organic mat remains, providing a source of buried seed and vegetative propagules as well as a store of nutrients. Except where surface erosion is severe, natural succession can proceed quite rapidly, and sowing of exotic grasses is likely to inhibit rather than promote the establishment of native plants. By contrast, revegetation of xeric disturbed sites is often restricted by inadequate supplies of seed, nitrogen, and/or water. Sowing or planting may facilitate the invasion of native plants by increasing nutrient availability, especially if species with symbiotic nitrogen fixation are used. Where erosion hazards are severe, planting may be necessary for engineering reasons, regardless of its effect on the establishment of native plants.