Abstract
Eighty species of lichens were identified from upper timberline and alpine meadows on the Beartooth Plateau in Montana and Wyoming. About 85% of the species are common in arctic and other alpine regions in western North America. Forty-nine percent of the species grow on rock, with 51% on soil, moss, and plant detritus. Fifty-seven percent of the species are crustose, 23% are fruticose, and 20% are foliose or umbilicate. The percentage of lichen cover on rock and soil is highest in fellfields, ranging from 20 to 54%; the percentage of vascular plant cover in fellfields is 41 to 58%. In grass/sedge turfs, vascular plant cover is the highest (67% to over 99%), and lichen cover is lowest (0 to 5%). In turfs dominated by Geum rossii (R. Br.) Sen var. turbinatum (Rydb.) Hitchc., lichen cover is between 7 and 21% and that of vascular plants ranges between 51 and 92%. The percentage of total vegetation cover contributed by lichens is from 0% in a grass/sedge community to 54% in a fellfield.