X-Ray and Neutron Radiography System Optimization by Means of a Multiobjective Approach and a Simplified Ray-Tracing Method

Abstract

A manual approach to radiography process optimization is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. Therefore, a virtual environment in which all of the processes of optimization for a desired radiography experiment or setup are conducted is highly desirable. Such an environment should be able to provide the capability to arrive at radiographic scanning parameters that are optimized to within preset criteria for design purposes. In this paper, a simplified approach toward achieving this is described, and calculated radiography results are benchmarked against experiments. A ray-tracing technique combined with the exponential law of attenuation was used to provide the primary function of such a virtual environment, which is the modeling of the radiography system. Radiography quality parameters such as contrast, penetration, unsharpness, and resolution were calculated using predefined definitions and fed directly into a particle swarm optimization routine that searched for the best radiography design parameters in an iterative feedback loop between the simulator and the optimizer modules. The aim of this paper is to show that a rather simple radiography simulation approach can already provide sufficient data for system design optimization purposes without the need to develop or utilize a comprehensive, competitive radiography simulator. The simplified approach provides a direct “uncomplicated” virtual environment for basic radiography training and basic experimental planning.

Keywords:

• Radiography
• ray tracing
• simulation
• image quality, optimization

Acknowledgments

The author is thankful for the support of Necsa and the National Research Foundation. The author is deeply grateful to the Radiography and Tomography Section at Necsa for the support during execution of this work.

Notes

^a ISO 19232-5:2018, “Non-Destructive Testing – Image Quality of Radiographs – Part 5: Determination of the Image Unsharpness and Basic Spatial Resolution Value Using Duplex Wire-Type Image Quality Indicators,” International Organization for Standardization.