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When Poland regained its independence in 1918 the main task of the new government educational policy was to reunify Polish society and territories, which were divided by the conquered powers. It was assumed that Polish school should have been based on national tradition that in the 19th century was neglected by dominated foreign nations. That need was seen by the Ministry of Education Jan Lukasiewicz who in his letter of 5 November 1919 to the President of the Polish Academy of Sciences Kazimierz Morawski pronounced the need of founding the special Commission for Historical Research of Education in Poland. As a result the Commission was founded and soon after the program of research was published. The program contained activities of gathering editing and publishing the “monuments” of Polish history of education. Some of the university professors became interested in that research and published their results at historical conferences or congresses. In general, it was one of the features of the “practical” orientation of Polish history of education research. The other feature emphasised the development of history of education as a separate academic discipline. However, its research program was similar to the former orientation and underlined the history of national education.
The paper is trying to answer the question on the role of history of education in forming the Polish national system of education in the inter-war period. There is some unique function of the academic discipline, which was applied in reconstructing the schooling in the course of national apparition.