Transient Howell-Jolly-body-like cytoplasmic inclusions in neutrophils after severe intoxication with alpha-lipoic acid

Abstract

After intravenous supplementation of an unintentionally high dose of the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a 53-year-old female complained of myalgia, chills and nausea, and showed signs of haemorrhagic diathesis. The laboratory findings were excessive hyperferritinemia, leukoerythroblastosis, severe thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes and impaired coagulation. The toxicological tests resulted in an ALA serum concentration of 10 280 µg/L. The peripheral blood film of the patient showed some neutrophil dysplasia with unusual small dark-blue stained round cytoplasmic inclusions resembling ‘Howell-Jolly-body-like’ (HJBL) cytoplasmic inclusions, aptly named due to the morphologic similarity to their erythrocytic counterparts. Such HJBL inclusions are occasionally associated with acquired immunodeficiency, or immunosuppressive or cytostatic treatment. An association with ALA intoxication has not been described before. There are only a few reports on unintentional, harmful and lethal intoxications with ALA. The underlying molecular background of its toxicity on liver function or haematopoiesis is not yet known in detail, but ALA seems to interact with enzyme functions, e.g. with mitochondrial enzyme-complexes, possibly due to its pro-oxidant potential at high doses.

Keywords:

• Alpha-lipoic acid intoxication
• antioxidant
• pro-oxidant
• howell-Jolly-like bodies
• cytoplasmic inclusions in neutrophils
• neutrophil dysplasia
• hyperferritinemia
• thrombocytopenia
• hepatotoxicity
• leuko-erythroblastosis

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).