Blackouts among male and female youth seeking emergency department care

ABSTRACT

Background: Alcohol-related blackouts are a common consequence of heavy drinking, and these blackouts pose risk for injury and other adverse health outcomes. Objective: To examine the prevalence and correlates of blackouts among underage drinkers. Methods: Youth (ages 14–20) presenting to a suburban Emergency Department (ED) completed screening surveys. Among those reporting past-year alcohol consumption, we examined past 3-month blackouts in relation to: background characteristics (e.g., demographics, fraternity/sorority involvement), substance use, sexual risk behaviors and incapacitated sexual assault (unaware/unable to consent due to alcohol/drugs), forced sexual assault, positive depression screening, and reason for ED visit (injury vs. medical). Results: In total, 2,300 past-year drinkers participated: 58% female, 75% Caucasian, and mean age = 18.4. Regarding past 3-month blackouts, 72.7% reported none, 19.3% reported monthly or less, and 8% reported monthly or more. Multivariate cumulative logit regression indicated that blackout frequency was positively associated with: college involvement in Greek life, alcohol use severity, prescription drug misuse, marijuana, screening positive for depression, incapacitated sexual assault, and a gender by alcohol use severity interaction. Conclusion: With one-quarter of this clinical sample reporting recent blackouts, as well as the association between blackout frequency and health risk behaviors and other outcomes, findings underscore the need for programs focusing on substance use, depression, and preventing sexual assault. Interventions should also address poly-substance use and drinking motives. Although findings highlight how college students in Greek life may be at high risk for blackouts, many participants not in college also reported blackouts, suggesting that interventions in other settings are also needed.

KEYWORDS:

• Alcohol
• alcohol-induced blackout
• youth
• substance use
• sexual risk taking

Funding

This project was supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) grant #AA018122. Dr. Voloshyna was supported by NIH/Fogarty grant #TW009310. During her work on this study, Dr. Bonar was supported by a grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (grant #036008).

Financial disclosures

The authors report no relevant financial conflicts.

Additional information

Funding

This project was supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) grant #[number removed]. [Author’s name removed] was supported by NIH/Fogarty grant #[number removed]. During her work on this study, [author’s name removed] was supported by a grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (grant #[number removed]).