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Original Articles

La actividad experimental en el alumno

Experimental activity in students

, &
Pages 3-20 | Published online: 29 Apr 2014
 

RESUMEN

El artículo plantea qué lugar debe ocupar el método experimental en la enseñanza analizándose los objetivos de la utilización de este método en física y en matemáticas, junto con la actitud del maestro y de los alumnos en las distintas etapas del método experimental y los problemas que surgen. Brevemente, en la etapa descriptiva se subraya la existencia de ideas preconcebidas en el niño que interfieren con la labor. A la hora de formular hipótesis, los niños emiten con facilidad hipótesis de rasgos sobresalientes, fácilmente perceptibles, pero raramente son evocados los rasgos no sobresalientes. En la aplicación del experimento, el niño tiene problemas en prestar atención a más de un factor, ocupándose sólo de los resultados del factor que está comprobando. Al llegar al análisis de los resultados se observa con frecuencia falta de capacidad para el tratamiento de la información obtenida.

ABSTRACT

The paper discusses the place which experimental methodology should occupy within education. It analyses the educational aims pursued by using this methodology in physics and mathematics, together with teachers' and students' behaviour in the different stages and the main problems that emerge. Briefly, in the descriptive stage, student's preconceived ideas interfere with the task. When formulating hypotheses, they focus on outstanding features that are easily perceived, but tend to forget others less salient. In the experimental phase, students seem to have difficulties in focusing their attention on more than one factor, generally concentrating solely on that factor. Finally, during data analysis, it is observed that students frequently lack the capacity to deal with the information obtained.

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