Psychosocial aspects of pregnancy: The scope for intervention

Abstract

A model for the way predicamentary life-change may cause adversity for the developing foetus is presented. Direct physiological effects are considered and the adverse effect of alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and poor nutrition on the foetus is reviewed. The way risk on the foetus may be compounded in a multifactorial way is highlighted. Attention is drawn to the social status of those most at risk for these factors, particularly the single, unsupported woman.

The scope for intervention for each of the psychosocial risk factors is reviewed. The achievements and limitations of the MIC and WIC programmes, the Hagenau and South Manchester Family Worker project are outlined. Methodological considerations for future studies are presented, including a view of their cost-effectiveness and advantages in more holistic terms.