Food surveillance in the Basque Country (Spain). II. Estimation of the dietary intake of organochlorine pesticides, heavy metals, arsenic, aflatoxin M₁, iron and zinc through the Total Diet Study, 1990/91

Abstract

Total diet samples purchased at monthly intervals between March 1990 and December 1991 were analysed for different contaminants and nutrients. Each total diet sample included 91 food items which were combined after preparation and/or cooking into 16 groups of similar foods. The ‘market basket’ was based on a food survey which referred to the adult population (25–60 years) carried out in the Basque Country between 1988 and 1990. The dietary intakes (μg/day) of lead (43), cadmium (11), mercury (18), arsenic (291), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (0.2), α‐hexachlorocyclohexane (α‐HCH) (< 0.1), β‐hexachlorocyclohexane (β‐HCH) (0.1), γ‐hexachlorocyclohexane (γ‐HCH) (2.9), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) (0.3), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (DDE) (0.9), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) (0.2), dieldrin (0.5), heptachlor epoxide ( < 0.1), α‐endosulphan (0.1) and β‐endosulphan (0.1) were all well below the respective Acceptable Daily Intakes or Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes. However, arsenic intake was much higher than that estimated in other countries and γ‐HCH was detected in anomalously high levels in the bread group. Dietary intakes of δ‐hexachlorocyclohexane (δ‐HCH), aldrin, endrin, heptachlor and methoxychlor were not calculated because no residues were detected in any of the samples. Aflatoxin M₁ intake was not estimated owing to the low levels detected. Finally, zinc intakes (11.6 mg/day) were below the recommended dietary allowances for Spain and the same was true for iron (11.3 mg/day), but only for females.

Keywords:

• total diet
• heavy metals
• organochlorine pesticides
• aflatoxin
• trace elements
• nutrients