Reference data for ultrasound bone characteristics in Hungarian children aged 7–19 years

Abstract

Backround: Osteoporosis is a common disease and physical activity (PA) has a favourable influence on bone status.

Aim: To establish normative data for calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) bone characteristics in children and to analyse the relationships between PA, anthropometric and bone parameters.

Subjects and methods: Hungarian children aged 7–19 (n = 2674; 1325 girls, 1349 boys) provided PA, anthropometric and bone data. QUS parameters were registered with Sonost3000 densitometer (speed of sound: SOS, m/s; broadband ultrasound attenuation: BUA, dB/MHz; bone quantity index (BQI = αSOS + βBUA). Reference centiles of QUS parameters were constructed by LMS method. Multivariate linear regression models were used to analyse the relationships.

Results: QUS bone parameters increased with age. There were no gender differences, except in 11- and 19-year-old children, where boys showed higher values. SOS (1497.15 ± 15.72 vs 1494.05 ± 14.81 m/s) and BQI (65.31 ± 16.71 vs 62.26 ± 15.78) were higher in athletic children. The regression model revealed significant relations between SOS and age, relative muscle mass and PA; BUA correlated with gender, morphological age, BMI, relative muscle mass and PA.

Conclusions: Changes in the bone parameters among 7–19-year-old Hungarian children depended on age, anthropometric dimensions and the level of PA. The normative data could be used for monitoring QUS bone parameters in children, leading to more effective interventions for healthy bones.

Keywords:

• Ultrasound bone parameters
• centiles
• physical activity
• children

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge all of the schools and the children and their parents for their enthusiastic participation in this study.

Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Hungarian Society of Sport Science; Exercise = Medicine Program; and TÁMOP-6.1.2/11/2. The work of Annamaria Zsakai was supported by the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship (2014–2017) of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.