Microparticles obtained by spray-drying technique containing ginger essential oil with the addition of cellulose nanofibrils extracted from the ginger vegetable fiber

Abstract

The encapsulation capacity and the polymer blends containing gum Arabic (GA), inulin (IN), and cellulose nanofibrils ginger (CNFG), extracted from the fibrous ginger residues, for the microencapsulation of ginger essential oil by spray-drying technique were evaluated in this study. The addition of CNFG improved the emulsifying properties of the formulations, with an increase in Newtonian viscosity (μ); however, the partial substitution of GA by IN decreased the viscosity. The higher IN levels increased the emulsion droplets in the formulations with and without the addition of CNFG. In addition, the emulsion droplets with smaller size resulted in the formation of pulverized droplets with smaller diameter. The presence of CNFG in the polymer blends exhibited similar instantaneization times and provided greater oil retention of ginger essential oil by spray drying. The oil retention in the formulation containing GA and CNFG was 12.23% higher than the formulation containing only GA. Changes in the retention of the compounds of pure and microencapsulated ginger essential oil were observed by GC-MS, all six major components remained in the final product, however with some variations on the encapsulated essential oil profile.

Keywords:

• Ginger fiber
• gum Arabic
• inulin
• cellulose
• spray drying

Acknowledgment

The authors thank the Brazilian Government Agencies (CAPES, CNPq, and FAPEMIG) for financial support; Laboratory of Electronic Microscopy and Ultra-Structural Analysis of the Federal University of Lavras, Brazil and the Electronic Microscopy Center, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil for support on the microscopic analysis; and Laboratory of Wood and Pulp Chemistry and Paper of the Federal University of Paraná, Brazil for providing the CNF.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare there is no conflict of interest for this research.

Credit author statement

Hugo Junior Barboza de Souza: Project administration, Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing – original draft. Anelise Lima de Abreu Dessimoni, Marina Leticia Alves Ferreira, Lívia Cássia Viana, Cassiano Rodrigues de Oliveira: Formal analysis, Methodology. Amanda Maria Teixeira Lago: Data curation. Writing – review and editing. Diego Alvarenga Botrel, Regiane Victória de Barros Fernandes: Visualization, Conceptualization, Supervision. Soraia Vilela Borges: Project administration, Resources, Funding acquisition.

Additional information

Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Brazil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG – Grant number CAG-PPM-00318-11), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Grant number: 448530/2014-7).