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ABSTRACT
High-iron content manganese ore resources are becoming the mainstream raw ores for manganese extraction due to the depletion of high-grade manganese ores. Our previous research has reported the optimization parameters for the sintering of high-Fe manganese ore (abbr. high-Fe Mn-ore) fines. This study further investigated the consolidation behavior of high-Fe Mn-ore sinters with natural basicity. Sintering pot tests showed that the high-Fe Mn-ore sintering required high coke breeze dosage (about 9.9 wt.%). The CO content of the outlet flue gas (7.5 vol.%~8.0 vol.%) in the high-Fe Mn-ore sintering was higher than that in the ordinary iron ore sintering (1.0 vol.%~2.2 vol.%). XRD and SEM-EDS analyses indicated that the major mineral phases in the sinters included Fe-Mn oxides (FexMn3-xO4), ferrotephroite ((Fe,Mn)2SiO4), Ca-,Al-,Mn-,Fe- bearing silicate melts, and a small quantity of hausmannite (Mn3O4) and free quartz (SiO2). Optical microstructure and SEM images showed that the Fe-Mn oxides, Ca-, Al-, Mn-, Fe- bearing silicate melts and ferrotephroite particles are closely interconnected with one another. The formation of Fe-Mn oxides and ferrotephroite were beneficial to the sinter strength. Thermodynamic and phase diagram analyses further demonstrated that the major bonding phases of Fe-Mn oxides and ferrotephroite were easily formed under the strong reductive sintering atmosphere of high-Fe Mn-ores.
Funding
The authors wish to express their thanks to the Co-Innovation Center for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Metal Mineral Resources, the Teachers’ Research Fund of Central South University (No. 2013JSJJ028) and the Doctorial Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province (No. CX2016B053, CX2013B086).