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Abstract
The issue of whether hostility plays a crucial role in the relationship between type A behavior and social support was examined in healthy 21 to 27-year-old Finns (n = 1296). The results revealed that hostility among type A individuals was related to a low level of social support, but only when the muhidimensionality of type A behavior and gender-specificity of these associations were simultaneously respected: highly hard-driving, competitive and non-engagement-involvement type A women with extreme hostility perceived the lowest social support, which was also perceived by highly hard-driving, competitive and non-engagement-involvement type A men who were non-hostile. Results might demonstrate the importance of gender-role socialization: that the same emotional expression may indicate behavioral risk may depend on whether one behaves according to or against sociocultural gender-role expectations.