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ABSTRACT
Application of water-saving irrigation technologies in transplanted rice (TPR) cultivation resulted in different soil water regimes compared to traditional flood irrigation and consequent diverse nitrogen transport and losses in paddy fields. In this study, nitrogen transport and transformations in a TPR field under multiple shallow irrigation (MSI) conditions in the Taihu Lake Basin of Eastern China were observed and simulated (Hydrus-1D model) during the 2008 and 2009 seasons based on a previous study. MSI controlled well the depth of floodwater and reduced nitrogen losses substantially through percolation and surface runoff, in particular during the 2008 season with relative less rainfall. Nitrogen balance analysis showed that both denitrification and NH3 volatilisation were the two major paths of nitrogen loss during the two seasons. Most nitrogen transformations occurred in top soil (0–40 cm) during early-middle seasons. The overall nitrification and denitrification differed slightly between the two seasons but largely between soil depths, averagely 92.7% and 73.0% of respective total in a 120 cm soil profile occurred in 0–40 cm soil, respectively. MSI method coupled with deep applied fertiliser is recommended to substantially reduce nitrogen losses through surface runoff, percolation, and NH3 volatilisation in TPR fields.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Notes on contributors
Dr. Yong Li is Associate Professor at the College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China. He received his Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering from the Hohai University, China. His current work is focused on soil physics, freshwater sediment and surface water and groundwater interaction, especially coupled to nutrient elements (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon).
Dr. Chun Xu is postgraduate student at the College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China. He received his bachelor’s degree in Environmental Engineering from the Hohai University, China. His current work is focused on soil physics and freshwater sediment, especially coupled to nitrogen.
Dr. Shuang Wang is postgraduate student at the College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China. She received her bachelor’s degree in Environmental Engineering from the Hubei Polytechnic University, China. Her current work is focused on soil physics and freshwater sediment, especially coupled to carbon.
Dr. Yingying Wang is postgraduate student at the College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China. She received her bachelor’s degree in Water Supply And Drainage from the Anhui Jianzhu University, China. Her current work is focused on soil physics and freshwater sediment, especially coupled to nitrogen.
Notes on contributors
Dr. Yong Li is Associate Professor at the College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China. He received his Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering from the Hohai University, China. His current work is focused on soil physics, freshwater sediment and surface water and groundwater interaction, especially coupled to nutrient elements (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon).
Dr. Chun Xu is postgraduate student at the College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China. He received his bachelor’s degree in Environmental Engineering from the Hohai University, China. His current work is focused on soil physics and freshwater sediment, especially coupled to nitrogen.
Dr. Shuang Wang is postgraduate student at the College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China. She received her bachelor’s degree in Environmental Engineering from the Hubei Polytechnic University, China. Her current work is focused on soil physics and freshwater sediment, especially coupled to carbon.
Dr. Yingying Wang is postgraduate student at the College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China. She received her bachelor’s degree in Water Supply And Drainage from the Anhui Jianzhu University, China. Her current work is focused on soil physics and freshwater sediment, especially coupled to nitrogen.