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ABSTRACT
This article describes the translation of offensive language in the language pair German–Basque. The data were retrieved from a corpus of 33 original texts of German children's literature and their corresponding translations into Basque, but also into Spanish in cases in which the translation was conducted indirectly through the Spanish version. Therefore, direct and indirect translations were compared, paying special attention to the translation laws suggested by Toury, i.e. the standardization law and the law of interference. The results show that both laws hold when translating offensive language in children's literature, but with different nuances depending on whether the translation is direct or indirect. Moreover, the analysis proved that in the case of minority languages the spectrum of (in)directness is quite diffuse and that different types of translations exist with different degrees of (in)directness and, therefore, different degrees of standardization and interference.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
Notes on contributor
Naroa Zubillaga Gomez teaches and researches at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) in the field of Translation and Interpreting. She has worked in the field of translation of children's literature and presented her PhD on that same topic in 2013. She has translated works by Michael Ende and Cornelia Funke into Basque.
Notes
1 In the UNESCO Red Book of Endangered Languages, Basque is classified as endangered: http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/europe_index.html
2 The mentioned research project was done within the research group TRALIMA/ITZULIK (Consolidated Research Group 12–197, UFI 11-06).
3 However, in Basque translations published in the French part of the Basque Country, the mediating text could be the French version.