Between education and care? Critical reflections on early childhood policies in Germany

Abstract

This article identifies the responsibilities for early childhood care and education (ECCE) in the German child and youth welfare system and shows the expansion of children's services. The official German statistics demonstrate that almost every child from the age of three to school age attends ‘Kindergarten’. Current policies and measures are therefore mainly focused on extending provision for the under‐threes. There are still enormous differences in the number of places available for children under three years of age between the eastern and western parts of Germany. Due to the increased significance of early education and the educational curricula drafted in all 16 Länder over the past few years, the qualifications required of professional pedagogues today have changed considerably. There is a broad consensus in Germany that it is necessary to redefine the course content and structure and put them on a theoretical basis. The article pinpoints the problems of children with special needs, and especially of those whose family language is not German. Despite some positive developments in German ECCE little progress has been made with regard to effectively implementing the conceptual unity of education, care and upbringing.

Keywords:

• ECCE policies in Germany
• places for under threes
• educational curricula
• professional qualifications
• children with special needs

Notes

1. Here, the number of children per staff member is in fact higher, because this model calculation is based on the workers' contractually agreed working time that also includes time for preparation, further training, vacation and sick leave as well as time for team meetings and parent consultations.