Pd/MIL-100(Fe) as hydrogen activator for Fe^III/Fe^II cycle: Fenton removal of sulfamethazine

ABSTRACT

Masses of iron sludge generated from engineering practice of classic Fenton reaction constraints its further promotion. Accelerating the Fe^III/Fe^II cycle may be conducive to reducing the initial ferrous slat dosage and the final iron sludge. Based on the reduction of Pd/MIL-100(Fe)-activated hydrogen, an improved Fenton system named MHACF-MIL-100(Fe) was developed at ambient temperature and pressure. 97.8% of sulfamethazine, the target pollutant in this work, could be degraded in 5 min under the conditions of 20 mM H₂O₂, 25 μM ferrous chloride, initial pH 3.0, 2 g·L⁻¹ composite catalyst Pd/MIL-100(Fe) and hydrogen gas 60 mL·min⁻¹. Combining density functional theory (DFT) calculation and intermediate detection, the degradation of this antibiotic was inferred to start from the cleavage of N-S bond. The catalytic of Pd/MIL-100(Fe), demonstrated by the removal efficiency of SMT and the catalyst morphology, remained intact after six reaction cycles. The present study provides an insight into the promotion of Fenton reaction.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• H₂-Fenton reaction
• Fe^III/Fe^II cycle
• Pd/MIL-100(Fe)
• sulfamethazine
• density functional theory

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China [grant number 19KJB610008]; Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province [grant number SJCX20_1123].