Daily intake of heavy metals and nitrate through greenhouse cucumber and bell pepper consumption and potential health risks for human

Abstract

Limited information is available on the health quality of greenhouse vegetables. Lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium, and nitrate () concentrations in greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) and bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and their dietary intakes were determined. The non-cancer risk for was determined using the non-cancer hazard quotient. Lead non-cancer risk in children was calculated using the Integrated Exposure–Uptake Biokinetic model. Higher concentrations of cadmium, lead, and chromium were found in bell pepper than cucumber. The mean concentration in the greenhouse cucumber was about 2.7 times higher than the World Health Organization standard limit. Cadmium, lead, nickel, and chromium daily intake for different populations groups through consumption of the vegetables were < 0.01–0.04, 0.35–1.00, 0.03–0.24, and 0.05–0.27 µg/g, respectively. The dietary intake of for adult was greater than children. Elevated lead and concentrations in the greenhouse vegetables are important concerns for consumers. Potential health quality problems in greenhouse products have to be considered.

• Heavy metals
• nitrate
• health risks
• dietary intake
• cucumber
• bell pepper