Thermal stability and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis of epoxy thermosets possessing N,N′-disubstituted pyromellitimide units

Abstract

In this work, three epoxy resins including diglycidyl ethers of N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)pyromellitimide (DIDGE), bisphenol-A (BADGE), and polyethylene glycol (PEDGE) were isothermally cured by an amine curing agent possessing N,N′-disubstituted pyromellitimide units (denoted by DIDAM). DIDGE resin was synthesized from the reaction of N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)pyromellitimide with an excess of epichlorohydrin. Also, DIDAM curing agent was prepared from the reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride with an excess of ethylene diamine. Completion of the isothermal curing processes was approved by both Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC traces showed only the phase transitions related to the thermal degradation of the resulting thermosets. According to the thermogravimetric analyses, the DIDGE/DIDAM thermoset showed higher thermal stability at temperatures above 425 °C than the other two thermosets. While BADGE/DIDAM and PEDGE/DIDAM thermosets showed about 70% weight loss in the thermal range of 400–850 °C, DIDGE/DIDAM thermoset was encountered with only about 40% weight loss. The glass transition temperatures (T_g) of the resulting thermosets were determined using tan δ vs temperature plots obtained from dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The T_g values of BADGE/DIDAM, DIDGE/DIDAM, and PEDGE/DIDAM thermosets were found to be 211 °C, 189 °C, and 81 °C, respectively.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Epoxy thermosets
• amine curing agent
• pyromellitimide units
• differential scanning calorimetry
• dynamic mechanical thermal analysis

Additional information

Funding

This work was financially supported by School of Chemistry and Research Council of Damghan University.