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ABSTRACT
Electrophysiological systems are prone to release free radicals for functioning of biological system with proper balancing of antioxidant–prooxidant ratio for establishing a healthy living system. The biostress condition releases different reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl, alkoxyl, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroperoxyl, ozone, singlet oxygen, hypochlorus acid, thiyl radical, etc. This review tries to discuss the general aspects of the antioxidant assay methodologies that are currently used for the detection of antioxidant property. The entire review has been divided into three different sections. The first deals with the release of free radical by mitochondrial dysfuctioning and its curbing action by local antioxidants. The second and third sections discuss the general procedure adopted and reaction mechanism involved in the assay procedure along with the limitations and advantages.
Abbreviations
| ABAP | = | 2,2-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride |
| ABTS | = | 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazolline-6-sulfonic acid |
| ATP | = | Adenosine triphosphate |
| CAT | = | Catalase |
| CBA | = | Crocin bleaching assay |
| CPH | = | Chloropromazine hydrochloride |
| CERAC | = | Cerric reducing antioxidant capacity |
| CUPRAC | = | Copper reducing antioxidant capacity |
| DEPMPO | = | 5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide |
| DMPD | = | N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediaminedihydrochloride |
| DMPO | = | 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide |
| DMSO | = | Dimethylsulphoxide |
| DPPH | = | 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl |
| ESR | = | Electron spin resonance |
| ET | = | Electron transfer |
| FCR | = | Folin-ciocalteu reagent |
| FDR | = | Folin-Denis reagent |
| FRAP | = | Ferric reducing antioxidant parameter |
| GPx | = | Glutathione peroxidase |
| GSH | = | Reduced glutathione |
| HAT | = | Hydrogen atom transfer |
| HRP | = | Horseradish Peroxidase |
| MLA | = | Malondialdehyde |
| NBT-MTT | = | Nitroblue tetrazolium-3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide |
| ORAC | = | Oxygen radical absorbance capacity |
| PQ | = | Paraquat |
| ROS | = | Reactive oxygen species |
| SOD | = | Superoxide dismutase |
| TAN | = | 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidone-N-oxyl |
| TBA | = | Thiobarbituric acid |
| TEAC | = | Trolox equivalents antioxidant capacity |
| AC-TMPO | = | 4-((9-Acridinecarbonyl)amino)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl |
| TMPD | = | 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidone |
| TOSC | = | Total oxidant scavenging capacity |
| TPPHE | = | Triphenylphosphonium dihydroethidium |
| TPTZ | = | Tripyridyltriazine |
Acknowledgments
We thank St. Philomena's College for providing facilities to carry out the research investigation.
Conflict of interest
We confirm that any aspect of the work covered in this manuscript has not involved either experimental animals or human patients.
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