Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Systems: A Critical Review

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) involving superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical play important role in human health. ROS are known to be the markers of oxidative stress associated with different pathologies including neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. Accordingly, ROS level detection in biological systems is an essential problem for biomedical and analytical research. Electrochemical methods seem to have promising prospects in ROS determination due to their high sensitivity, rapidity, and simple equipment. This review demonstrates application of modern electrochemical sensors for ROS detection in biological objects (e.g., cell lines and body fluids) over a decade between 2011 and 2021. Particular attention is paid to sensors materials and various types of modifiers for ROS selective detection. Moreover, the sensors comparative characteristics, their main advantages, disadvantages and their possibilities and limitations are discussed.

Keywords:

• Biological objects
• body fluid
• cell
• electrochemical sensor
• reactive oxygen species

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation under Grant number 20-01417J; Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Grant number 19-53-26001; and Russian State assignment “Science” under Grant number FSWW-2020-0022. This research was supported by TPU development program.